Environment
at Risk
at Risk
2 of the P's of Environmental Health
Protect, Population, Pollution, Poverty
Prevalence v. Incidence
Proportion of people who have dx during time period v. rate of persons who develop dx during time period
All substances are __________________, dose differentiates effect.
Poison
Polluter Pays, Precautionary Principle, Environmental Justice, Environmental Sustainability
Principles of Environmental Policy Development
Fleas, Ticks, Lice, Mites
Vectors - Ectoparasites
Environmental Risk Transition
Changes in environmental risk that happens as a consequence of development in less developed regions
The community
Actual amount of substance that enters the body v. quantity administered
Absorbed/Internal dose v administered dose
2 assessments used in Policy and Regulation
HIA- Health Impact Assessment, EIA- Environmental Impact Assessment
Methods of Prevention for Zoonotic or Vector Borne Diseases
DDT (repellant), nets, full length clothing, tx of fleas/mites/ticks in animals, drain standing water, close windows, repair broken screens/nets, sentinel chickens, mosquito eating fish in ponds
Alteration over time in a population's fertility, mortality, and makeup
What is Demographic Transition
Strength of Association, Specificity, Period of Exposure, Consistency, Temporality, Estimated Exposure & Disease, Effect of Removal of a suspected cause, Biological Plausibility, Coherence
How to make an inference for causation in Environ Epi
LD-10, LD-50, LD-90
Dose is lethal to 10%, dose is lethal to 50%, dose is lethal to 90%
CERCLA is responsible for what?
Superfund Clean-ups of waste
Types of Zoonotic/Vector Borne diseases
Viral, Bacterial, Parasitic, Rickettsial, non-conventional
Logistic Growth, , , Eruptive Growth
Carrying Capacity, Domed/Capped growth (Animal Population Cycle)
Components of Epidemiologic Triangle
Host, environment, agent
Process of Exposure Assessment
Characterize setting scenario, pt of exposure, Identify exposure pathways (how it is transported, accumulated, transformed), Quantify the Exposure (how bad it is)
Preventative and Anticipatory Measures- Caution, Pausing, Review
Precautionary Principle
Transmission of Zoonotic Disease
Contact with the skin, Bite or scratch of an animal, Direct inhalation or ingestion, Bite of an arthropod vector
Microbes, Toxic Chemicals & Metals, Pesticides, Ionizing Radiation
3 reasons why you should use as reason to investigate or not investigate an 'outbreak'
burden to health dept, severity of illness, # of cases, source, mode or ease of transmission, availability of prevention and control measures, opportunity to learn, public/ political concerns, training
Hazard ID, Dose-Response Assessment, Exposure Assessment, Risk Characterization
Risk Assessment Process
Components vital to the Policy Making Cycle
Definition/Formulation/Reformulation,Agenda setting, Policy Establishment, Implementation, Assessment, repeat
Disease associated with Bats, Disease associated with reptiles or chicken, disease associated with farm animals
Rabies, Salmonellosis, Brucellosis