Sports Medicine
What are the 3 classification of injuries based on cause?
Direct
Indirect
Overuse
Define a direct injury.
A direct injury results for a direct blow from an implement, object or another person - eg a bruise from a baseball.
What are the 5 types of trianing for improving performance?
Strength
aerobic
Anaerobic
Flexibility
Skills
Name 3 types of aerobic training
Continuous
Interval
Fartlek
How many marks is each option worth in the HSC?
20 marks
Define a complicated fracture.
A complicated fracture occurs then the break causes damage to nearby tissues and organs - eg a broken rib punctures the lungs.
Identify the procedure for assessing injuries in sport
Talk
Observe
Touch
Active movement
Passive movement
Stand/skills
Outline how climate and season may influence training programs.
Coaches may have to be flexible to accommodate changes in weather. Most sports run during a particular season of the year - thus competitions are scheduled and environmental considerations need to be taken in to account - eg heat.
Name the 3 subphases in a typical periodisation plan.
1) Preseason - preparatory
2) In Season - competition
3) Post season - recovery
How many training methods must you learning in the improving performance option?
Any two of the 5 major types (aerobic, anaerobic, strength, skill, flexibility)
What aspects are involved in the 'Female athlete triad'?
It is a syndrome that describes the relationship between 3 specific health problems experienced by female athletes:
1) Disordered eating
2) Loss of period - amenorrhoea
3) Bone loss - osteoporosis.
Describe the 4 methods of thermoregulation.
Convection: convection is the transfer of heat away from the body by a moving fluid (eg air or water).
Radiation: radiation describes the gain and loss of heat from the body to the surrounding environment.
Conduction: conduction involves the transfer of heat from the body to an object by contact.
Evaporation: evaporation refers to heat loss through sweating.
What are the major considerations and elements of a training session?
Health and safety considerations
warm-up/cool-down
Overview
Skills development
Conditioning
Evaluation.
Identify 5 signs of over training?
Psychological - increased nervousness, poor concentration span, irritability or anger, emotional sensitivity, depression.
Physiological - fatigue, injury prone, elevated recovery HR, loss of weight, muscle tenderness
What section of the syllabus does taping and bandaging fall under in sports medicine?
What are the preventative actions?
What precautions must be followed when completing progressive mobilisation?
Check to ensure that there is no fracture at the site (x-ray). Not to be commenced during the acute inflammation stage. Circulation must be increased before commencing mobilisation. Athletes should be relaxed before and during mobilisation. Must be slow and progressive. Must remain pain free.
Explain how rules of sports and activities can promote player wellbeing and safety.
The rules of a sport assist the flow of play and protect participants from injury. Responsibility is placed on the officials and coaches to ensure that the players under their control and care participate in the right spirit and do not intentionally infringe rules. Especially those rules designed to protect athlete wellbeing. In collision sports, such as rugby league and rugby union, there is considerable potential for injury. This potential is significantly increased in the execution of common but illegal movements, such as the head-high tackle. As a result, both codes have well-defined rules stating what constitutes dangerous activity and a range of penalties to punish the offence.
Describe features of the overview section of a training session.
Administrative - Roll call, injury check, health safety considerations.
Have clear objective - set goals team and individual for the session
Be constructive and concise - don't take up too much time.
Be factual - use statistics from the last game to frame goals and objectives for the session
Explain when the conditioning component of the training session should be completed. Justify your answer
Will vary based on the sub-phase and objectives of the training session. Most sports have a short fitness session immediately following the warm-up. Supplementary fitness in the form of circuits, interval training, continuous training and callisthenics usually takes place following a session of individual and team play. Effective coaches are able to continue to address fitness needs through skills practices.
What are the suggested injuries to study during the rehabilitation section in sports medicine?
hamstring tear, shoulder dislocation
Physical preparation for prevention of sporting injuries includes what 4 factors?
1) Conducting a pre-screening to determine a starting point for training
2) Promoting the particular skills and techniques required.
3) Developing physical fitness components that are specific to the athletes performance.
4) Following adequate warm-up , stretching and cool-down procedures.
Outline the 5 indicators of an athletes readiness to return to play?
Elasticity. The new tissue has been stretched, promoting lengthways elasticity and resultant flexibility.
Strength. The new tissue is strong and able to support the body in stressful movement.
Mobility. The athlete has gained full movement, particularly in terms of agility.
Pain free. The injury is pain free during both light exercise and strenuous work
Balance. The injured person is able to balance his or her body on the injured limb. Until this function is achieved, the rehabilitation process is not complete
Outline the 5 classifications of erogenic aids.
Mechanical aids (equipment, skill development, biomechanics)
Pharmaceutical aids (drugs)
Nutritional aids(dietary manipulation)
Psychological aids (mental rehearsal, goal-setting and hypnosis)
Physiological aids (blood-doping, training, recovery procedures and oxygen uptake)
Describe the possible health side effects of steroid use.
Liver dysfunction, cancer, shrinking of testicles, cessation of menstruation, infertility, masculinisation, acne, heart problems.
Outline the two ethical considerations with regards to technology in sport.
has technology gone too far?
has access to technology created unfair competition?