Branches of Psychology
What is Behaviourism?
The part of the personality that operates on the pleasure principle.
What is the id?
Who conducted the experiment with dogs that salivated at the sound of a bell?
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
Name one common factor that can affect mental health.
What is stress / trauma / genetics / environment etc.?
The process by which we receive sensory information from the environment.
What is sensation?
This early approach focused on breaking down consciousness into its basic elements.
What is structuralism?
This defense mechanism involves pushing uncomfortable thoughts into the unconscious.
What is repression?
Rewarding behaviour to encourage it is called this.
What is positive reinforcement?
This term refers to the emotional, psychological, and social well-being of a person.
What is mental health?
This is a technique where you associate information with vivid imagery to remember it.
What is the method of loci or visualization?
This branch emphasizes personal growth and achieving full potential.
What is humanism?
According to Freud, this part of personality is the “moral compass.”
What is the superego?
In Pavlov’s experiment, food is an example of this.
What is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
One key difference between a sociopath and a psychopath is this.
What is a psychopath is more calculating and lacks empathy, while a sociopath is more impulsive and erratic?
When two people witness the same event but recall it differently, this psychological concept is at play.
What is perception?
This approach believes we understand behaviour by examining mental processes like thinking and problem-solving.
What is cognitive psychology?
In Freud’s dream theory, the hidden, symbolic meaning of a dream is called this.
What is the latent content?
When behaviour is learned by watching and imitating others.
What is observational learning?
This type of mental illness is characterized by extreme mood swings, including emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression).
What is bipolar disorder?
This type of memory holds information briefly before it's either forgotten or stored long-term.
What is short-term memory?
This branch, developed by William James, focused on how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment.
What is functionalism?
A person who blames others for their own faults is likely using this defense mechanism.
What is projection?
The learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus.
What is the conditioned response (CR)?
This term describes when someone experiences recurring, unwanted thoughts and performs rituals to relieve anxiety.
What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
This phenomenon occurs when prior learning interferes with the recall of new information.
What is proactive interference?