Psych Theories
According to Freud, this part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification.
What is the id?
The founder of psychoanalysis.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
This British primatologist is known for her groundbreaking studies of chimpanzee behavior in Gombe Stream National Park.
Who is Jane Goodall?
In many Western countries, this academic milestone, often celebrated with a ceremony and gown, symbolizes the transition from student to a new stage of life.
What is graduation?
This sociological perspective posits that society is composed of competing groups vying for power and resources, often resulting in inequality and social change.
What is conflict theory?
The experiment where Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat demonstrates this type of learning.
What is classical conditioning?
This is the standard medical word to describe an intense and occasionally disabling fear or reaction to a specific object or situation which often poses little actual danger.
What is a phobia?
This concept encourages understanding another culture by its own standards, without imposing one’s own cultural bias.
What is cultural relativism?
This Jewish coming-of-age ceremony, traditionally held at age 13 for boys and 12 or 13 for girls, marks a child’s entrance into religious adulthood.
What is a Bar/Bat Mitzvah?
C. Wright Mills introduced this term for understanding the relationship between personal experiences and larger social forces.
What is the sociological imagination?
Jung’s term for the shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history.
What is the collective unconscious?
Commonly used to treat depression, the class of drugs known as SSRIs gets its name because they increase levels of this "feel-good chemical" in the brain.
What is serotonin?
These two perspectives in anthropology involve studying cultures from the outside to gain a universal view, and from the inside to understand local meaning, respectively.
What are the etic and emic perspectives?
In some Latin American cultures, this celebration at age 15 marks a girl’s entrance into womanhood and typically involves a religious ceremony and a large party.
What is a Quinceañera?
This perspective in sociology sees society as a stable, orderly system where each part works together to maintain equilibrium.
What is structural functionalism?
The highest level on Maslow’s hierarchy, representing the fulfillment of one’s potential.
What is self-actualization?
This is the name of the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help someone in need when other people are present.
What is the bystander effect?
This American anthropologist famously studied adolescents in Samoa and challenged Western assumptions about adolescence and sexuality.
Who is Margaret Mead?
In many Islamic cultures, consumption of this type of meat is strictly forbidden as it is considered haram.
What is pork?
This early African American sociologist and civil rights activist used empirical research to analyze the social conditions of African Americans.
Who is W.E.B. Du Bois?
Adler’s concept that motivates individuals to overcome feelings of inadequacy.
What is the inferiority complex?
This term describes the mental discomfort experienced when a person holds two or more contradictory beliefs or values.
What is cognitive dissonance?
This framework, associated with Marvin Harris, posits that material conditions (like resources and technology) drive cultural practices and beliefs.
What is cultural materialism?
In Japan, it is considered taboo to leave chopsticks sticking upright in a bowl of rice, as it closely resembles a funerary ritual and is associated with death.
What is the taboo of placing chopsticks upright in rice?
George Herbert Mead’s concept that we shape our sense of self through imagining how others perceive us is known by this term coined by Charles Horton Cooley.
What is the Looking-Glass Self?