Basic Structure and Function of Muscle Tissue
Types of Muscle Tissue
Muscle Organization and Structure
Sliding Filament Theory
The Neuromuscular Junction
The Cross-Bridge Cycle
Muscle Metabolism
Muscle Terminology and Contraction Types
Muscle Naming
Upper Extremity Muscles
Lower Extremity Muscles
Head, Neck, and Trunk Muscles
100
Susie Storrs leaves for a run on a cold day in December. After running a mile she stops because she feels warm and removes her jacket, tying it around her waist. What function of muscle tissue makes her feel warm?
1. increased ATP stores
2. motor unit recruitment
3. muscle fatigue
4. muscle twitch
5. thermogenesis
5. thermogenesis
100
A typical striated muscle fiber contains ______________ sarcomere(s).
1. zero
2. one
3. two
4. thousands of
4. thousands of
100
What is the name of the cytoplasm of the skeletal muscle cell?
1. cytosol
2. sarcolemma
3. sarcomere
4. sarcoplasm
5. sarcosol
4. sarcoplasm
100
Actin and myosin filaments in the skeletal muscle myofibril are:
1. at right angles to each other
2. bound permanently by the protein titin
3. parallel
4. randomly arranged
3. parallel
100
Which of the following breaks down acetylcholine present in the synaptic cleft?
1. acetylcholinesterase
2. choline acetyltransferase
3. choline oxidase
4. nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
1. acetylcholinesterase
100
Which step is shown at "3"?
1. ACh released, binding to receptors
2. ACh removed by AChE
3. Action potential reaches T-tubule
4. Active site exposure, cross-bridge cycling
5. Active sites covered, no cross-bridge interaction
6. Contraction begins
7. Contraction ends
8. Relaxation occurs, passive return to resting length
9. Sarcoplasmic reticulum recaptures Ca2+
10. Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+
10. Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+
100
Which of the following mechanisms provides ATP for muscle contraction?
1. aerobic oxidation of glucose
2. anaerobic fermentation of vitamins
3. ATP from calcium stores
4. stored minerals
1. aerobic oxidation of glucose
100
The attachment of a muscle to the bone it moves (usually distal) is called its:
1. agonist
2. antagonist
3. insertion
4. origin
3. insertion
100
The biceps brachii is in the arm and the biceps femoris is in the thigh. These muscles have the same "first name" because they each have ____ origins (heads).
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
b. 2
100
The origin of the biceps brachii is the:
1. back of the orbit
2. iliac spine and femur
3. scapula
4. tibia
3. scapula
100
The insertion of the ________________ is the femur.
1. gastrocnemius
2. gluteus maximus
3. masseter
4. sternocleidomastoid
5. triceps brachii
2. gluteus maximus
100
The origin of the ________________ is the occipital bone and cervical spine.
1. diaphragm
2. masseter
3. rectus abdominis
4. sternocleidomastoid
5. trapezius
5. trapezius
200
70-80% of the energy used by muscles is lost as:
1. carbon dioxide
2. heat
3. lactic acid
4. water
2. heat
200
Which description best fits the structure of visceral (smooth) muscle cells?
1. multi-nucleated striated muscle
2. no striations and one central nucleus
3. no striations and multiple nuclei
4. striated with one central nucleus
5. striated with one eccentric nucleus
2. no striations and one central nucleus
200
Transverse tubules (T tubules) are bordered on each side by ____________.
1. blood vessels.
2. nerves.
3. sarcolemma.
4. sarcomeres.
5. sarcoplasmic reticulum.
5. sarcoplasmic reticulum.
200
In muscles, actin is the name given to the protein making up:
1. regulatory proteins
2. structural proteins
3. thin filaments
4. thick filaments
5. Z plates
3. thin filaments
200
Which of the following describes the electrical change that takes place in skeletal muscle?
1. action potential
2. length-tension relationship
3. motor unit
4. transverse tubules
1. action potential
200
Which step is shown at "1"?
1. ACh released, binding to receptors
2. ACh removed by AChE
3. Action potential reaches T-tubule
4. Active site exposure, cross-bridge cycling
5. Active sites covered, no cross-bridge interaction
6. Contraction begins
7. Contraction ends
8. Relaxation occurs, passive return to resting length
9. Sarcoplasmic reticulum recaptures Ca2+
10. Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+
1. ACh released, binding to receptors
200
Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle has:
1. a greater amount of anaerobic metabolism
2. fewer mitochondria
3. less blood supply
4. less myoglobin content
5. more creatine phosphate
5. more creatine phosphate
200
The attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone is called its:
1. agonist
2. antagonist
3. insertion
4. origin
4. origin
200
The quadriceps muscle group is named this because it has ____ origins (heads).
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
d. 4
200
The insertion of the triceps brachii is the:
1. clavicle and scapula
2. fibula and tibia
3. temporal bone
4. ulna
4. ulna
200
Which of the following muscles has the primary action of knee flexion?
1. biceps femoris
2. rectus femoris
3. psoas major
4. tibialis anterior
1. biceps femoris
200
The muscles shown at "1" are the:
(There are 21 muscles listed. Scroll down to see the complete list, which ends with triceps brachii.)
1. biceps brachii
2. brachialis
3. brachioradialis
4. deltoid
5. diaphragm
6. external oblique
7. extraocular muscles (lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique)
8. gastrocnemius
9. gluteus maximus
10. hamstring group (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
11. intercostal muscles
12. internal oblique
13. latissimus dorsi
14. masseter
15. pectoralis major
16. quadriceps group (vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris)
17. rectus abdominis
18. soleus
19. transversus abdominis
20. trapezius
21. triceps brachii
11. intercostal muscles
300
Joe Plumba did not have time to visit the restroom before class and now is not sure he can endure until his long-winded professor finishes the lecture. What ringlike band of smooth muscle is Joe utilizing to keep urine in the bladder until after class?
1. aponeurosis
2. endomysium
3. fascia
4. muscle sheath
5. sphincter
5. sphincter
300
Skeletal muscle contains _______________ while smooth muscle does not.
1. actin
2. collagen
3. myosin
4. sarcomeres
4. sarcomeres
300
The ____________ consists of transverse tubules (T tubules) surrounded by sarcoplasmic reticulum.
1. contractile unit
2. myofilament
3. sarcomere
4. triad
5. Z disc
4. triad
300
The basic functional unit of a myofibril is the:
1. sarcolemma
2. sarcomere
3. sarcoplasm
4. sarcoplasmic reticulum
5. Z disc
2. sarcomere
300
When muscle contraction occurs:
1. M lines move laterally
2. sarcomeres lengthen
3. thick filaments shorten
4. Z disks (lines) come closer together
4. Z disks (lines) come closer together
300
Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle has:
1. a greater amount of anaerobic metabolism
2. fewer mitochondria
3. less blood supply
4. less creatine phosphate
5. more myoglobin
5. more myoglobin
300
The muscle shown at "1" is the:
(There are 22 muscles listed. Scroll down to see the complete list, which ends with triceps brachii.)
1. biceps brachii
2. brachialis
3. brachioradialis
4. deltoid
5. diaphragm
6. external oblique
7. extraocular muscles (lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique)
8. gastrocnemius
9. gluteus maximus
10. hamstring group (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
11. intercostal muscles
12. internal oblique
13. latissimus dorsi
14. masseter
15. pectoralis major
16. quadriceps group (vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris)
17. rectus abdominis
18. soleus
19. sternocleidomastoid
20. transversus abdominis
21. trapezius
22. triceps brachii
15. pectoralis major
300
The muscles shown here are the:
(There are 22 muscles listed. Scroll down to see the complete list, which ends with triceps brachii.)
1. biceps brachii
2. brachialis
3. brachioradialis
4. deltoid
5. diaphragm
6. external oblique
7. extraocular muscles (lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique)
8. gastrocnemius
9. gluteus maximus
10. hamstring group (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
11. intercostal muscles
12. internal oblique
13. latissimus dorsi
14. masseter
15. pectoralis major
16. quadriceps group (vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris)
17. rectus abdominis
18. soleus
19. sternocleidomastoid
20. transversus abdominis
21. trapezius
22. triceps brachii
16. quadriceps group (vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris)
300
The muscle shown at "1" is the:
(There are 22 muscles listed. Scroll down to see the complete list, which ends with triceps brachii.)
1. biceps brachii
2. brachialis
3. brachioradialis
4. deltoid
5. diaphragm
6. external oblique
7. extraocular muscles (lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique)
8. gastrocnemius
9. gluteus maximus
10. hamstring group (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
11. intercostal muscles
12. internal oblique
13. latissimus dorsi
14. masseter
15. pectoralis major
16. quadriceps group (vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris)
17. rectus abdominis
18. soleus
19. sternocleidomastoid
20. transversus abdominis
21. trapezius
22. triceps brachii
14. masseter
400
Which is considered a regulatory muscle protein?
1. elastin
2. myosin
3. titin
4. troponin
4. troponin
400
Cardiac muscle fibers are __________________ while skeletal and smooth muscle are not.
1. branched
2. filled with actin and myosin
3. striated
4. voluntary
1. branched
400
Several dozen muscle fibers are bound together in a:
1. fascicle
2. muscle cell
3. myofibril
4. sarcomere
1. fascicle
400
According to the length-tension relationship, as the zone of overlap between thin and thick filaments increases beyond optimum:
1. length increases
2. length remains constant
3. tension decreases
4. tension increases
3. tension decreases
400
A myosin-binding site is found on the _____________ molecule.
1. actin
2. calcium
3. titin
4. tropomyosin
5. troponin
1. actin
400
The extraocular muscles fire in short bursts and contract very strongly. However, they are not used for long periods of time. Therefore, we expect that they are of which type?
1. fast glycolytic
2. fast oxidative-glycolytic
3. slow oxidative
1. fast glycolytic
400
The muscle shown at "2" is the:
(There are 14 muscles listed. Scroll down to see the complete list.)
1. biceps brachii
2. brachialis
3. brachioradialis
4. deltoid
5. infraspinatus
6. latissimus dorsi
7. pectoralis major
8. serratus anterior
9. subscapularis
10. supraspinatus
11. teres minor
12. triceps brachii
13. wrist extensors
14. wrist flexors
5. infraspinatus
400
(There are 22 muscles listed. Scroll down to see the complete list, which ends with triceps brachii.)
1. biceps brachii
2. brachialis
3. brachioradialis
4. deltoid
5. diaphragm
6. external oblique
7. extraocular muscles (lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique)
8. gastrocnemius
9. gluteus maximus
10. hamstring group (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
11. intercostal muscles
12. internal oblique
13. latissimus dorsi
14. masseter
15. pectoralis major
16. quadriceps group (vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris)
17. rectus abdominis
18. soleus
19. sternocleidomastoid
20. transversus abdominis
21. trapezius
22. triceps brachii
18. soleus
400
The insertion of the ________________ is the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
1. gastrocnemius
2. gluteus maximus
3. masseter
4. sternocleidomastoid
5. triceps brachii
4. sternocleidomastoid
500
Which is considered a regulatory muscle protein?
1. elastin
2. myosin
3. titin
4. tropomyosin
4. tropomyosin
500
The structure labeled "2" is:
1. epimysium
2. fascicle
3. muscle fiber (muscle cell)
4. myofibril
5. perimysium
6. sarcolemma
7. tendon
1. epimysium
500
A muscle fiber (cell) contains numerous _________ within the sarcoplasm.
1. epimysial filaments
2. fascicles
3. ligaments
4. myofibrils
5. tendons
4. myofibrils
500
What molecule must be present for myosin to detach from actin?
1. adenosine triphosphate
2. calcium
3. phoshpate
4. zinc
1. adenosine triphosphate
500
The muscle shown at "1" is the:
(There are 22 muscles listed. Scroll down to see the complete list, which ends with triceps brachii.)
1. biceps brachii
2. brachialis
3. brachioradialis
4. deltoid
5. diaphragm
6. external oblique
7. extraocular muscles (lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique)
8. gastrocnemius
9. gluteus maximus
10. hamstring group (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
11. intercostal muscles
12. internal oblique
13. latissimus dorsi
14. masseter
15. pectoralis major
16. quadriceps group (vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris)
17. rectus abdominis
18. soleus
19. sternocleidomastoid
20. transversus abdominis
21. trapezius
22. triceps brachii
13. latissimus dorsi
500
The muscle shown at "1" is the:
(There are 12 muscles listed. Scroll down to see the complete list.)
1. fibularis group (peroneal group)
2. gastrocnemius
3. gluteus maximus
4. gluteus medius
5. hamstring group (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
6. hip adductor group
7. iliopsoas
8. quadriceps group (rectus femoris; vastus intermedius, lateralis, & medialis)
9. sartorius
10. soleus
11. tibialis anterior
12. tibialis posterior
11. tibialis anterior
600
What is the structure marked "2"?
1. myofibril
2. sarcolemma
3. sarcoplasmic reticulum
4. T-tubule (transverse tubule)
3. sarcoplasmic reticulum
600
Which structure releases the calcium needed for muscle contraction to occur?
1. actinin
2. sarcolemma
3. sarcoplasmic reticulum
4. t-tubules
3. sarcoplasmic reticulum
700
The structure labeled "4" is:
1. epimysium
2. fascicle
3. muscle fiber (muscle cell)
4. myofibril
5. perimysium
6. sarcolemma
7. tendon
2. fascicle
700
If calcium is absent, then:
1. actin remains bound to myosin
2. cross-bridges are formed, but myosin is "stuck" to actin and rigor mortis results
3. cross-bridges do not form
4. troponin moves tropomyosin to expose a myosin binding site on actin
3. cross-bridges do not form