Unit 1 part 1
What is sweet taste?
What will an electrolyte dissociate into when placed in aqueous solutions/conductions
What is an ion
What electrolyte would be administered in pre-eclampsia
What is Magnesium
Term for euploid cells that have more than the diploid number (2n<)
What is polyploidy?
Term for the enzyme that violates the central dogma
What is reverse transcriptase?
Necrosis caused by protein denaturation
what is Coagulative necrosis?
Which end of the capillary favors filtration?
What is arteriole
What two organ systems regulate acid/base balance
What are respiratory and urinary?
Term for NORMAL separation of chromatids at meiosis
What is Disjunction?
Term for the mutation that results in an amino acid becoming an early STOP codon
What is a nonsense mutation?
Increased consumption of sodium increases blood volume (where sodium goes water follows). This increase of blood volume stretches the atria, leading to the release of what hormone?
What is Atrial Natriuretic Peptide?
What is the major plasma protein that generates blood oncotic/osmotic pressure and where is it made?
What is Albumin/ what is the liver
How many total chromosomes would someone with Down Syndrome have?
What is 47? (47, 21+)
What inheritance pattern will have only female carriers and affected males?
What is X-linked recessive?
Certain cancers having an increased affinity for certain organs is known as what?
What is organ tropism?
Jake seeks medical attention for a reoccurring non-productive cough. Upon examining his respiratory lining you note that the normal pseudostratified columnar cells have been replaced by stratified squamous. What type of cellular disorder is occurring here?
What is Metaplasia?
Greg is a 60 year old man CKD (chronic kidney disease). He comes to the clinic with muscular cramping, fatigue, and excessive urine production. An ECG shows inverted T waves. What electrolyte imbalance does Greg have?
What is Hypokalemia?
Davie, a 70 year old alcoholic, is admitted to the emergency room with severe abdominal pain. A CT scan reveals oat cell carcinoma on his liver, with palpable masses on his lungs. What stage of liver cancer is Davie in?
Stage 4
Lucy is a 10 year old girl born with physical and mental disabilities. She is significantly shorter than her classmates, has widely spaced nipples, and a slightly webbed neck. What is your proposed diagnosis?
What is Turners Syndrome?
What chromosome abnormality is seen in 95% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia?
What is translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 (Philadelphia chromosome)
Suzie presents to the emergency room with significant swelling of the extremities, fatigue, and vomiting. She admits she's an alcoholic, and it's discovered that she is in liver failure. Explain what protein the liver is under-producing, and what Starling's force is affected.
What is Hypoalbuminemia, what is Oncotic/Osmotic pressure.
NORMAL VALUES:
pH 7.35-7.45
PCO2 35-45 mmHG
HCO3- 22-26 mmol/L
Gracie presents to the ER after collapsing during a marathon that she traveled to Utah from Florida for. Her blood values are:
pH 7.60
CO2 20
HCO3- 20
What is your diagnosis for Gracie? Name one factor that could have caused this state.
What is partially compensated respiratory alkalosis
(Hyperventilation OR less oxygen available at high elevation)
Mr. and Mrs. Kain are both phenotypically healthy. They have 3 children together, two boys and one girl. One of the sons and their daughter are born with cystic fibrosis. What is the likely inheritance pattern.
What is autosomal recessive?
When mutated by cancer, this gene allows for the abnormal proliferation of cells
What is the p53 gene
What is 25%, 50%, 25%?