NURSING
"Which of the following vital signs would you expect to find in a patient with hypovolemic shock?"
A) Bradycardia
B) Hypotension
C) Hypertension
D) Hypothermia
E) Hyperventilation
Applying
Rationalization: The question requires the application of knowledge about the signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock to determine the correct vital sign (hypotension) associated with it.
"Which blood type is known as the universal donor?"
A) A+
B) B-
C) O-
D) AB+
E) O+
Remembering
Rationalization: The question requires recall of a simple fact about blood types, which is a basic, foundational concept in medical technology.
"Which structure in the eye is responsible for focusing light on the retina?"
A) Cornea
B) Iris
C) Lens
D) Retina
E) Optic Nerve
Remembering
Rationalization: The question requires recall of the anatomical function of the lens in the eye, a basic and essential piece of knowledge in optometry.
"Which tooth is known as the first permanent molar?"
A) Incisor
B) Canine
C) Premolar
D) Molar
E) Wisdom tooth
Remembering
Rationalization: The question requires recall of a specific anatomical detail, which is a fundamental piece of knowledge in dentistry.
"Which of the following best describes the function of the rods in the retina?"
A) Color vision
B) High acuity vision
C) Peripheral vision
D) Night vision
E) Focus on distant objects
Remembering
Rationalization: The question requires recall of the basic function of rods in the retina, which is foundational knowledge in the study of vision.
"Which of the following is a normal range for adult blood pressure?"
A) 120/80 mmHg
B) 160/100 mmHg
C) 140/90 mmHg
D) 100/60 mmHg
E) 180/110 mmHg
Remembering
Rationalization: This question asks for recall of basic, factual information about normal blood pressure ranges, which is a fundamental concept in nursing.
"A patient’s blood sample shows an elevated level of troponin. Which condition is most likely?"
A) Hepatitis
B) Myocardial Infarction
C) Pneumonia
D) Renal Failure
E) Hyperthyroidism
Applying
Rationalization: The question asks for the application of knowledge about laboratory results (elevated troponin levels) to identify a specific medical condition (myocardial infarction).
"What is the most common refractive error?"
A) Hyperopia
B) Myopia
C) Astigmatism
D) Presbyopia
E) Anisometropia
Understanding
Rationalization: This question requires comprehension of common refractive errors, showing an understanding of different vision conditions and their prevalence.
"Which substance is most effective in preventing dental caries?"
A) Calcium
B) Fluoride
C) Vitamin D
D) Phosphorus
E) Potassium
Understanding
Rationalization: The question involves understanding the relationship between fluoride and dental caries prevention, showing a deeper level of comprehension than simple recall.
"Which of the following lab values is most indicative of acute kidney injury?"
A) Elevated ALT
B) Elevated Bilirubin
C) Decreased Hemoglobin
D) Elevated Creatinine
E) Elevated WBC
Applying
Rationalization: This question involves applying knowledge about lab values to identify a specific medical condition (acute kidney injury), demonstrating the application of clinical knowledge.
"Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?"
A) Risk for Infection
B) Acute Pain
C) Impaired Gas Exchange
D) Fluid Volume Excess
E) Risk for Aspiration
Analyzing
Rationalization: The question involves selecting the most appropriate nursing diagnosis based on the patient’s condition, which requires analyzing symptoms and understanding how they relate to specific diagnoses.
"Which of the following tests is used to assess kidney function?"
A) ALT
B) AST
C) BUN
D) CPK
E) LDL
Understanding
Rationalization: This question requires comprehension of which tests assess specific bodily functions, showing an understanding of the relationship between a test and what it measures.
"Which test is used to measure intraocular pressure?"
A) Visual Acuity Test
B) Tonometry
C) Perimetry
D) Retinoscopy
E) Slit-Lamp Examination
Understanding
Rationalization: The question involves understanding which test is used to measure a specific physiological parameter (intraocular pressure), requiring more than just recall.
"Which of the following is a common cause of halitosis?"
A) Dental Caries
B) Gingivitis
C) Xerostomia
D) Sinus Infection
E) All of the above
Analyzing
Rationalization: The question requires analyzing the different causes of halitosis and determining that multiple factors could contribute to this condition.
"Which of the following conditions is associated with chronic hypertension?"
A) Aneurysm
B) Coronary Artery Disease
C) Stroke
D) Kidney Failure
E) All of the above
Analyzing
Rationalization: The question requires analyzing the relationship between chronic hypertension and multiple conditions, requiring students to understand and connect different aspects of pathology.
"Which intervention would you prioritize to have the greatest impact on improving cardiac output in a patient diagnosed with congestive heart failure? "
A) Implementing a low-sodium diet
B) Administering diuretics
C) Encouraging bed rest
D) Monitoring daily weights
E) Educating on fluid restriction
Evaluating
Rationalization: It asks the student to assess and prioritize which intervention will most effectively improve cardiac output in a patient with congestive heart failure. This requires critical thinking to compare the interventions and make a judgment based on their effectiveness.
"What is the normal reference range for fasting blood glucose levels?"
A) 70-99 mg/dL
B) 100-125 mg/dL
C) 126-150 mg/dL
D) 50-70 mg/dL
E) 150-180 mg/dL
Remembering
Rationalization: The question involves recalling the normal range for fasting blood glucose levels, a basic piece of information that students are expected to memorize.
"A patient presents with red, itchy eyes. Which condition is most likely?"
A) Glaucoma
B) Conjunctivitis
C) Cataracts
D) Retinal Detachment
E) Macular Degeneration
Applying
Rationalization: The question requires applying knowledge of symptoms to diagnose a common eye condition (conjunctivitis), demonstrating the application of clinical knowledge.
"Which instrument is used to detect dental caries?"
A) Explorer
B) Scaler
C) Curette
D) Dental Probe
E) Forceps
Understanding
Rationalization: The question requires understanding which dental instrument is used for a specific purpose (detecting caries), indicating comprehension of tools and their functions.
"Which imaging technique is most appropriate for diagnosing a brain tumor?"
A) X-ray
B) CT Scan
C) Ultrasound
D) MRI
E) PET Scan
Evaluating
Rationalization: The question asks students to evaluate various imaging techniques and select the most appropriate one for diagnosing a brain tumor, requiring judgment and decision-making.
"A patient is receiving a blood transfusion and develops chills, fever, and back pain. What is the nurse’s first action?"
A) Stop the transfusion immediately
B) Slow down the transfusion rate
C) Administer antipyretics
D) Notify the physician
E) Continue the transfusion and monitor the patient
Evaluating
Rationalization: The question asks the student to determine the best course of action in a critical situation, requiring the evaluation of different options and selecting the most appropriate one.
"Given the scenario of a patient presenting with symptoms of anemia, differentiate between the diagnostic tests available. Which test should be conducted first to confirm iron deficiency anemia?"
A) Serum Ferritin
B) Complete Blood Count (CBC)
C) Peripheral Blood Smear
D) Bone Marrow Biopsy
E) Reticulocyte Count
Analyzing
Rationalization: It requires the student to distinguish between various diagnostic tests, identify their specific purposes, and decide which one is most appropriate to conduct first.
"Develop a treatment plan for a patient diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma. Which medication would you use to effectively lower intraocular pressure?"
A) Timolol
B) Prednisolone
C) Atropine
D) Tropicamide
E) Propranolol
Applying
Rationalization: It requires students to utilize their knowledge of medications to select the one most effective for lowering intraocular pressure in a patient with primary open-angle glaucoma.
"A patient presents with a tooth fracture that extends into the pulp. What is the most appropriate treatment?"
A) Dental Filling
B) Root Canal Therapy
C) Tooth Extraction
D) Crown Placement
E) Dental Bonding
Evaluating
Rationalization: The question asks students to evaluate a patient's condition (tooth fracture) and decide on the most appropriate treatment, requiring critical thinking and judgment.
"Design a research study to evaluate the effectiveness of a new antihypertensive drug. Assess the importance of each step in the study design. Which should be prioritized first to ensure a well-structured research study?"
A) Randomized Controlled Trial
B) Literature Review
C) Patient Recruitment
D) Data Collection
E) Hypothesis Formulation
Evaluating
Rationalization: It requires students to assess the relative importance of various steps in designing a research study. The student must judge which step is most crucial to prioritize first in order to establish a well-structured and effective research study.