Words
A group of statements consisting of premises and a conclusion
Arguments
Mild, comforting, or evasive words that are often used instead of harsh, blunt, or taboo words are known as
Euphemisms
Rule of thumb for problem solving and decision making
Heuristic
Tendency to seek out and favor evidence that supports pre-existing beliefs
Confirmation bias
Ambiguities that result from faulty grammar of word order are called
Syntactical ambiguities
Stipulative definition
The state of being easy to understand and free of ambiguity
Clarity
Natural, self centered tendency to view the world strictly from one's own perspective
Egocentrism
Sentences that can be judged as either true or false
Statements
Literal meaning of a word / Images and feelings associated with a word
Denotation / Connotation
Representative heuristic
Negativity bias
Ambiguities that result from uncertainty about the meaning of an individual word or phrase
Semantic ambiguities
A definition in which the user assigns an accurate meaning to a vague term to avoid misinterpretations
Precising definition
Providing exact and specific details to avoid vagueness
Precision
The blind tendency to view the world from the narrow, biased perspective of one's own social group
Sociocentrism
Statements in an argument offered as evidence supporting conclusion
Premises
When the meaning of a word or group of words is fuzzy and inexact
Vague
Frequency judged by the ease that examples come to mind
Availability heuristic
Evaluating the logical strength on an argument based on how believable the conclusion is (not taking into account the actual premises supporting it)
Belief bias
Adding richness, subtlety, and complexity to poetry. Useful when we lack precise information, allowing us to speak cautiously.
This definition typically contains emotional appeals and slanted terms in an attempt to persuade
Persuasive definitions
Being truthful and supported by reliable evidence
Accuracy
Narrow, close minded perspective
Provincialism
Statement that premises are meant to support / prove
Conclusion
When a word or group of words have multiple distinct interpretations
Ambiguous
Tendency to make an estimate based on the initial starting point
Anchoring & adjustment heuristic
Being influenced by how information is presented
Framing bias
What type of language slants the truth of a subject in order to appeal to the feelings, desires, and needs of an audience
Emotive language
This definition expresses the conventional, dictionary meaning of a word
Lexical definition
Staying directly connected to the issue or question at hand
Relevance
Hatred, distrust, and aversion to reasoning, logical argument, and intellectual discourse
Misology
Clues used to spot arguments
Indicator words
Resource that describes the way words were used when this resource was created
Dictionary
Something believed to be true without proof or conclusive evidence
Assumption
Bias where people with limited knowledge overestimate their own ability, while true experts tend to underestimate theirs
Disputes that occur when opponents disagree over relevant facts and not definitions of words
Factual dispute
Showing or explaining something clearly by pointing or giving a direct example
Ostensive definition
Holding beliefs and making statements that do not contradict each other or shift arbitrarily over time
Consistency
The belief that there is no single, independent standard truth to judge from
Relativistic thinking
Premise indicators
Since, for, because, and given that
Deductive
The idea that what is true for one person is what that person's society believes is true
Cultural relativism
Habit of taking personal credit for successes while attributing failures on external factors
Self-serving bias
Verbal dispute
These definitions provide specific examples of that the word refers to
Enumerative definitions
Ensuring that ideas and conclusions connect in a sensible, non-contradictory way
Logical correctness
Inventing convenient, seemingly logical justifications to explain poor behavior, faulty decisions, or uncomfortable truths
Rationalization
Conclusion indicators
Therefore, thus, consequently, so.
An argument that argues that it's conclusion is highly likely or probable based on the premises, but does not attempt to offer absolute proof. (Probability, prediction, etc)
Inductive
Allowing a positive impression of a person to positively influence your judgement of their character or abilities
Halo effect
A definition that is buried in metaphorical language and doesn't clearly express the conventional meaning of a word
Figurative
Providing a definition by listing examples of concepts that fall under the category of the primary concept
Definition by subclass
Engaging in deep, thorough, and comprehensive evaluation of an issue while avoiding shallow, superficial, or hasty thought
Completeness
Explains complex events as secret plots of powerful groups
Conspiratorial thought
Not statements
Question, command, exclamation (excluding rhetorical questions, & ought imperatives)
Occurs when expectations and perceptions influence evaluation of information
Bias
The false consensus effect
An emotional preference for the current state of affairs
Status quo bias
A statement which is a command of reason, telling you what you should do
Ought imperative
Assigns meaning to a word by comparing to another word with the exact same or similar definition
Synonymous definitions
Thinking in a balanced, open-minded manner without hidden bias
Fairness
Habit of avoiding deep mental effort and accepting unexamined answers
Intellectual sloth