People
Who developed the sewing machine? How did it impact women?
Isaac Singer - increased opportunities for women to make clothes and sell things made by sewing machines
What was the final crisis that lead to WWI?
-Assassination of Archduke Franz-Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bosnia by members of the Black Hand (Serbian Terrorist Organization)
What happened at the Battle of The Marne (who was fighting, what was the result, list some details)
-France v Germany
-French win
-France is rushing soldiers in taxi cabs to the battle because they were all going south to take Alsace-Lorraine
Define communism and fascism
Communism - individual people do not own land, factories, or machinery. Instead, the government or the whole community owns these things. Everyone is supposed to share the wealth that they create.
Fascism - authoritarian views and a strong central government — and no tolerance for opposing opinions; emphasis is on the group (nation) with few individual rights.
Who is king during the start of the Russian Revolution
Nicholas II
What was the title of the book written by Theodor von Bischoff? What ideas were inside?
“The Study of Practice of Medicine by Women” - Argued women were unsuited for the study of medicine/couldn’t do it well because he believed women had smaller brains than men, and their brains were not as well developed as men’s were, believed if women studied they would damage their reproductive organs and be unable to have kids later on
List 3 new technologies used during WWI
-Gas
-Gas masks
-Submarines
-Airplanes
-Machine Guns
-Trenches
Who was the Battle of Verdun fought between? List some details.
-Germany v France in France
-Germans believed they could kills 5 French for every 3 Germans lost
-France wins (huge turning point)
What was the name of the government Lenin overthrew to take power and bring communism back to Russia?
Provisional Government - Formed after Nicholas II steps down in Russia; goal is to keep Russia stable until elections are held
Where do most of the riots occur in Russia? Why?
-Petrograd b/c its where most of the factories were
Who was the last Tsar (king) in Russia? Describe him.
Nicholas II - not a reformer, incompetent, superstitious, unpopular wife (German)
List and describe 3 origins of WWI
-Franco-Prussian war (creates tensions between Germany & France, France loses- Alsace-Loraine)
-Nationalism (pride for one's country, believed similar ethnic groups should be in same country)
-Imperialism (Europe competing over same territory)
-Social Darwinism - survival of the fittest (strong nations are meant to dominate)
-Complicated alliance system
-Militarism (arms race, nations create military plans)
What was the treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
-Pulls Russia out of WWI
-Russia loses 1/4 of territory
What group of people did fascist Leader Mussolini draw support from? why?
Drew support from Italy’s business community (business owners)
-Concerned about the rise of communism (Benito is anti-communist so it appealed to business leaders
-Also used black shirts to get support from business owners - Would send black shirts to take care of communists and make people go back to work (uses violence against workers and communists)
What was the Beer Hall Putsch
-Hitler and his men attempted to overthrow the German gov. (got arrested)
-Hitler proclaims a national revolution when they attack his political rival
Who rebuilds the Bolshevik party and promises bread, land, and peace to the people?
Vladimir Lenin
What are 2 factors that caused the US to enter WWI
-Sinking of the Lusitania
-Zimmerman Telegram
Describe the Battle of Tannenberg (who was fighting? what was the end result?)
-Germany v Russia
-Russia did BAD
-Fought on the eastern front
What march did Mussolini Lead? What was the Result
March on Rome
10,000 black shirts and marches them through the streets of rome
Goal: demonstration of power (showing the king what he can do without the king’s help)
Message: give me what i want or I take it by force
It was a bluff (in 1922 he was not strong enough to overthrow the gov)
By the end of october Mussolini was Prime Minister
What 2 problems did Hitler promise the German people he would fix?
-Get rid of the Treaty of Versailles
-get rid of traitors in Germany that are causing problems (solve economic problems)
Who formed the Black shirts, promised to make Italy great again, and demanded to be made prime minister?
Benito Mussolini
Name the 3 countries that attended the Paris Peace Conference
** Double points of you name the people there
-Britain, France, and the US
-David Lloyd George, Woodrow Wilson, & George Clemenceau
Describe some of the terms included in the Treaty of Versailles
-Germany had to sign it or go back to war
-Germany Loses Alsace-Lorraine
-Germany's military is 100,000 volunteer max
-Germany forced to pay reparations
-Germany takes responsibility for the war
-Boarders of Europe are redrawn
What other countries experienced Fascist movements at the time?
**Double points of you can name the people
-Spain and Britain
-Francisco Franco & Oswald Mosley
How did Hitler take over German Culture?
-Changed education
-Hitler Youth