Cardio Questions
At the alveoli, oxygen diffuses from what blood vessel to the alveoli?
Capillaries
Function for the Nasal Cavity that is part of the innate immunity is what?
Trap debris or pathogens
Which leukocyte is the largest of the white blood cells and matures into macrophages?
Monocytes
If someone has a high amount of erythropoietin, this would lead to what?
More red blood cells than normal. Treatment would involve consistently donating blood.
How many protein chains make up a hemoglobin molecule?
2 alpha chains
2 beta chains
Which vessels have a thick layer of smooth muscle, which allows them to constrict or dilate their radius?
Arterioles
What do cells that line the trachea do that is part of your innate immune system?
Secretes mucus to trap debris and pathogens and uses cilia to sweep foreign substances out.
Antibodies bind to what to trigger an immune response?
Antigens (which are surface markers)
Which blood disorder results from a missing clotting factor such as clotting factor 8 or 9.
Hemophilia
The capsule structure of some bacteria help it invade humans how?
make it difficult for the immune system to recognize and target the bacterium
Veins, Venules, Capillaries, Arteries, Arterioles
Starting at the Left Ventricle, what is the blood flow through the circulatory system (most of the time)
Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins
Alveoli and it reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse (Atelectasis).
What signals stem cells to become white blood cells?
Colony Stimulating Factor
A chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovial membranes of joints, causing inflammation, pain, swelling, and progressive joint damage.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
A blocked coronary artery can lead to what? because of what?
Myocardial infarction occurs due to a lack of oxygen to a portion of the heart.
Put the following in order for the electrical conduction system in the heart
Bundle Branches, SA Node, AV node, Purkinje Fibers, Bundle of His
SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Bundle Branches, Purkinje Fibers
What do Goblet cells do?
Secrete mucus
When antibodies are bound to a foreign substance, what are they doing to eliminate the threat?
Signaling an immune cell to come and do phagocytosis to the foreign substance
Which leukocyte disorder results from a missing enzyme that prevents the maturation of B-cells and T-cells?
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Gram negative bacteria is what?
Have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall and stain pink when Gram stained
Intercalated discs are specialized junctions (Demosomes and Gap junctions) that connect and hold together what?
Cardiomyocytes
Nasal Cavity, Bronchi, Pharynx, Alveoli, Larynx, Trachea, Capillaries, Blood
Put them in the correct order from when oxygen enters your body and gets absorbed
Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Alveoli, Capillaries, Blood
What is the function of cytokines?
They are a chemical call for help and attract more white blood cells to the site
What is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, causing widespread inflammation and damage to multiple organs.
Lupus
In the arteriole end of the capillaries what is high and what is low and how does that affect the fluid?
Blood pressure is high, and Osmotic pressure is low, which allows fluid to leave the capillaries.