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What is the basic structural and functional unit of the human body?
The cell.
What are the three main parts of the brain?
The cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
To circulate blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products.
What are the two main types of muscles in the human body?
Voluntary (skeletal) muscle and involuntary (smooth and cardiac) muscle.
What is the function of the large intestine?
To absorb water and electrolytes from undigested food and store fecal matter.
What are the four major types of tissues in the human body?
Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
They are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP (energy) through cellular respiration.
Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
Blood type O negative.
What part of the brain controls voluntary movements?
The motor cortex in the cerebrum.
What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?
They transmit signals between nerve cells (neurons).
What is the primary function of the red blood cells?
To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.
Which system in the human body is responsible for producing hormones?
The endocrine system.
What is the function of the skeletal system?
To provide structure and support to the body, protect internal organs, and allow movement.
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
To supply oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the body.
What is the difference between an artery and a vein?
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body despite changes in external conditions.
What is the main function of the digestive system?
To break down food and absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
What is the process by which white blood cells protect the body against infection?
The immune response, which includes phagocytosis, antibody production, and activation of immune cells.
What structure in the human eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina?
The lens.
What is the function of the integumentary system?
To protect the body, regulate temperature, and provide sensory information through the skin, hair, and nails.
Which organ is responsible for filtering waste from the blood and producing urine?
The kidneys.
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes (sperm or eggs).
Which organ is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?
The pancreas.
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
To return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream and protect the body against pathogens.
What is the role of insulin in the body?
Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.