Bonds
What happens to bonds in water and salt as the NaCl dissolves
Polar regions of a water molecule disrupt the ionic bonds between the Na and Cl atoms in the salt
How is endo- and exo- cytosis different than simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.
Endo- and Exo- cytosis do not use transmembrane proteins or the concentration gradient. Instead, the membrane surrounds the molecules and transports them en masse to the intra- or extra- cellular space.
Why does the head region of the phospholipid bilayer face both the intra and extra cellular regions?
The head region is polar and hydrophilic, and the intra/extra cellular regions are aqueous.
How do you determine if a vesicle in a cell is a lysosome?
Ask/figure out if the inside of the vesicle has a low (acidic) pH
If glucose is not available how does the cell make ATP?
Cell can use lipids or proteins to fuel ATP synthesis in the mitochondria
The hydrogen bonds between water molecules facilitate which unique properties of water?
a. cohesion b. adhesion c. high heat capacity d. universal solvent e. high surface tension f. all of the above
F. All of the above
Which types of transport require a transmembrane protein? Select all that apply.
a. simple diffusion b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport
Why is it important for amino acids to have a wide variety of chemical properties?
This allows proteins to have a variety of functions in the cell.
A chemical is added to the cell that blocks the synthesis of ATP but the cell stays alive, which of the following processes would be most affected at the cell membrane?
a. simple diffusion b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport d. none of the above
C. Active Transport
What role do NAD/FAD have in the aerobic respiration of Glucose?
Donate electrons to the ETC to be used as an energy source for the active transport of H+ across the inner mitochondrial matrix
How would you describe a Polar Covalent Bond?
When two atoms unequally share electrons, resulting in a molecule with partial positively and negatively charged ends
During osmosis, water moves from an area of ___________ solute concentration to an area of ___________ solute concentration
Low concentration to high concentration
In humans, carbohydrates are used for
a. Energy in the form of glycogen
b. Our tough outer shells in the form of chitin
c. Structural support in the form of cellulose
d. The cell membrane in the form of phospholipids
A. Energy in the form of Glycogen
A characteristic of plasma membranes that helps them fuse during vesicle formation and endocytosis is the…
ability of phospholipids to maintain a bilayer organization in an aqueous environment
O2 is necessary in the aerobic respiration of glucose because it…
is needed to accept electrons at the end of the Electron Transport Chain
Which of the following can be used to describe molecules but cannot be used to describe atoms
a. mass b. electronegativity c. polarity d. charge
C. Polarity
The point of diffusion is...
for all the particles to reach equilibrium
Which class of molecule is always hydrophobic (or non-polar)?
a. Proteins
b. Lipids
c. Carbohydrates
d. Nucleic Acids
B. Lipids
Which part of a plasma membrane provides the ability to block the diffusion of certain molecules?
Non-polar tail region
What might you expect to observe in a human cell that has non-functional mitochondria?
ATP Production will be reduced