Digestive System
What is the first organ where food enters?
Mouth
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
What muscle helps us breathe in and out?
Diaphragm
What is the main waste product in urine?
Urea
Which food group provides energy?
Carbohydrates
What structures in the small intestine absorb nutrients?
Villi
What part of the blood carries oxygen?
Red blood cells / haemoglobin
How does oxygen move from alveoli into blood?
Diffusion into capillaries
What treatment is used if kidneys fail?
Dialysis
Which test is used to detect starch?
Iodine – turns blue/black
What muscular action pushes food down the oesophagus?
Peristalsis
What organ pumps blood around the body?
Heart
What organ is responsible for breathing?
Lungs
Name two other excretory organs apart from the kidneys.
Lungs and skin
Which nutrient helps with growth and repair of cells?
Proteins
Which organ produces bile?
Liver
What does the septum do in the heart?
Separates left and right sides
What tiny air sacs in the lungs exchange gases?
Alveoli
What organ filters the blood?
Kidneys
What is the Biuret test used for?
Proteins – turns purple if positive
Name and explain the four main processes of digestion.
Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Egestion
What happens to your heart rate during exercise and during sleep?
Increases with exercise, decreases during sleep
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic uses oxygen, anaerobic does not and produces lactic acid
Which organ stores urine before it leaves the body?
Bladder
Explain the test for fats.
Add ethanol, shake, then water → cloudy/milky layer OR grease spot test on paper