Body systems 1
It provides structure, support, and protection for the body's soft tissues and organs, and it works with muscles to enable movement.
skeletal system
What is the largest organ in the human body?
The skin is the largest organ in the human body.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane acts as a semi-permeable barrier, controlling what enters and exits the cell to maintain its internal environment.
Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell" and why?
The mitochondrion is called the "powerhouse" because it generates most of the cell's energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration.
What are the two main subdivisions of the human body's ventral cavity, and what separates them?
The two main subdivisions of the ventral cavity are the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity. They are separated by the diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle vital for respiration.
what is the function of the cardiovascular system
to eliminate waste
Where does most of the process of digestion take place?
Most of the digestive process occurs in the small intestine.
Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell and why?
The mitochondria are the cell's powerhouses because they generate energy through a process called cellular respiration.
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
The nucleus contains the cell's DNA and controls the cell's activities by providing the instructions for building proteins.
Which serous membrane lines the abdominopelvic cavity and its organs, and what is the space between its layers called?
The peritoneum is the serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity (the parietal layer) and wraps around its organs (the visceral layer). The potential space between these two layers is known as the peritoneal cavity.
What are the main components of the respiratory system?
The lungs, nose, trachea (windpipe), and diaphragm are key parts of the respiratory system.
What is the role of the immune system?
The immune system defends the body against foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses.
What are the three main components of a eukaryotic cell?
The three main components are the plasma membrane (outer boundary), the cytoplasm (gel-like substance containing organelles), and the nucleus (control center).
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes are responsible for assembling proteins by linking amino acids together.
Where is the mediastinum located, and what important structures does it contain besides the heart?
The mediastinum is a central compartment located in the thoracic cavity, situated between the left and right pleural cavities (which contain the lungs). In addition to the heart, it contains the esophagus, trachea, major blood vessels (like the aorta), and the thymus gland.
How does the skeletal system work with the muscular system?
The skeletal system provides structure and protection, while the muscular system allows for movement by attaching to bones.
What is the function of the endocrine system?
The endocrine system coordinates tasks of other organs by producing and secreting hormones.
What is the primary role of ribosomes in a cell?
Ribosomes are the tiny structures responsible for protein synthesis.
What organelle is found in plant cells but not typically in animal cells, and what is its role?
The chloroplast is found in plant cells and is responsible for carrying out photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.
What condition results from the accumulation of air within the pleural cavity, and what is its effect on the lungs?
A pneumothorax is the accumulation of air in the pleural cavity, the space between the lungs and the chest wall. This disrupts the negative pressure in the cavity, causing the lung to collapse due to its natural elastic recoil.
What is the primary role of the nervous system?
The nervous system is responsible for coordinating actions and responding to the environment.
How does the digestive system work with the circulatory system?
After the digestive system breaks down food, the circulatory system then transports the nutrients from the food to the body's cells.
Why does a plant cell have a fixed shape while an animal cell does not?
A plant cell has a rigid cell wall, in addition to its cell membrane, which provides a fixed shape and structural support.
What is the difference between the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) and the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?
The RER has ribosomes attached to its surface and is involved in protein production, particularly for export out of the cell. The SER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid production and detoxification.
The dorsal body cavity is a smaller cavity located posteriorly in the body. What are its two subdivisions?
The dorsal cavity is subdivided into the cranial cavity, which houses the brain, and the vertebral canal (or spinal cavity), which houses the spinal cord.