Digestive 2
What is the function of the digestive system?
To fully break down nutrients so that they can be absorbed into the blood stream for use by the body.
What role do the lungs play in the removal of waste?
They exhale carbon dioxide.
What type of neuron receives stimuli from either the internal or external environment?
Sensory neurons
What is the role of the parathyroid?
To control calcium levels in the blood.
What is the role of the female reproductive system?
To produce and develop eggs for reproduction; to produce hormones for the development of female characteristics and to maintain the menstrual cycle or sustain a pregnancy and to nourish the developing fetus.
What is the role of the large intestine in the digestive system?
Remaining undigested food passes into the large intestine where excess water is reabsorbed and bacteria digest complex starches and fiber.
What tubes carry urine from the kidney to the bladder?
the ureters
Most neurons in the body are what type of neurons?
Interneurons.
What is the function of the pineal gland?
produces hormones that control sleep, aging, reproduction and body temperature
During which months do most women begin to feel the movement of their baby in utero?
end of 4th throughout the 5th month.
What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?
Mechanical is breaking down food into small pieces physically; chemical digestion is using enzymes to break the chemical bonds of nutrients into their smallest subunits.
What endocrine glands are located on top of the kidneys?
adrenal glands
Draw a typical neuron on the board and label the four main parts.
Assuming the drawing is correct, you should have labeled the dendrites, the cell body, the axon, and the axon terminal.
What is one of the few hormones (and the only one we studied) that is regulated by a positive feedback system?
oxytocin, because it induces contractions for the delivery of a baby and produces milk for a nursing baby.
What is the purpose of monthly bleeding that occurs approximately once a month beginning in teen years?
The bleeding is intended to cleanse the uterus of the tissue and blood vessels that were meant for a pregnancy, but the pregnancy did not occur. (It's important that the lining is always fresh.)
What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
The pancreas releases enzymes that chemically digest carbohydrates and proteins.
What organ participates in the removal of excess water, oils, and toxins in the body?
The skin.
What is the function of the Brain Stem?
The brain stem connects the cerebellum to the spinal cord and controls involuntary actions such as heart rate and breathing.
Describe how the endocrine system uses negative feedback systems to regulate release of hormones.
When a stimulus provokes (starts) the release of a hormone, the hormone continues to be released until the stimulus stops, causing the hormone to stop being released.
At what weeks of pregnancy does a baby's heart start beating?
Approximately 3-4 weeks.
How are villi and alveoli similar?
Both increase the surface area of the organ, both have a good blood supply, both have thin cell walls, and both have moist linings.
What analogy did we use for the work of the nephron?
Cleaning out your locker (or cubby) in which you remove everything and put back the useful stuff and throw out what's left on the floor.
Why are nerves called 'neurochemical transmitters?'
Because the impulse is transmitted as an electron or electrical impulse inside the neuron, but chemical transmitters are released into the gap (or synapse) between the axon terminal and the next set of dendrites to initiate the next electrical impulse.
Compare the actions of the nervous system with those of the endocrine system. Name at least three differences.
- nervous system is generally faster
- nervous system acts through nerves, whereas the endocrine system releases hormones from glands directly into the bloodstream
-nerve impulses usually are very quick, whereas hormones may continue to act for a very long time.
- nerve impulses may affect a single or multiple nerves, hormones target specific cells, though the number of target cells may vary
What structure has not yet developed in the heart at the time the heart starts beating?
The septum or wall between the two ventricles.