Digestive
An individual eats a hamburger. Which two systems must interact to transfer the nutrients in the hamburger to human muscle tissue?
A) respiratory and excretory
B) digestive and immune
C) digestive and circulatory
D) circulatory and respiratory
(C.) Digestive and Circulatory
Identify each of the following blood vessels:
1. Thin and usually the site of diffusion
2. Carries blood away from the heart
3. Carries blood to the heart
1. Capillary
2. Artery
3. Vein
When leg muscles respond to a stimulus by moving the foot, the response depends most directly on the functioning of
A) bronchioles
B) nephrons
C) capillaries
D) neurons
D. Neurons
An immune response is primarily due to the body's white blood cells recognizing
A) hormone imbalance
B) abiotic organisms
C) foreign antigens
D) known antibiotics
C. Foreign Antigens
What is are three main organs of the excretory system?
Kidneys, Skin and Lungs
In the frog dissection students found insects (high in protein) as the main source of food in their specimens' stomachs. Identify the end products of protein digestion that would be left after the frog digested the insects.
amino acids
Explain what would happen to an individual with food in their trachea.
They would choke.
After a hormone enters the bloodstream, it is transported throughout the body, but the hormone affects only certain cells.
Part A: Name the structures on the that allow the hormone to affect that cell
Part B: Describe how the hormone is able to deliver its message to only specific cells.
Part A: Cell receptors or receptor molcules
Part B: The hormone must have a matching shape with the cell receptor.
An immune response to a usually harmless environmental substance is known as ____________.
an allergy
Explain why doctors would need to find an organ donor that is a match to the organ recipient before conducting an organ transplant surgery.
This ensures the best chance of successfully incorporating the new organ without rejection
Explain how digested food particles are able to be used by cells.
Part A: What is the main function of gas exchange
A) To remove carbon dioxide and supply oxygen to the body
B) To remove oxygen from the body
C) To supply carbon dioxide and remove oxygen from the body
D) To supply water to the body cells
Part B: Identify the site of gas exchange within the lungs.
Part A: (A.)
Part B: Alveoli
If body temperature is too high, some blood vessels increase in size and sweat glands will excrete sweat, resulting in a lower body temperature or if body temperatures are too low muscles contract and shiver to generate heat. These changes are an example of a (Part A:) _______________________.
Part B: Provide another example of this phenomenon in the body.
Part A: feedback mechanism/loop
Part B: glucose and insulin/glucagon
Discuss a malfunction of the immune system and explain the effect this malfunction has on maintaining homeostasis.
HIV- attacks the white blood cells of the immune system making it very difficult for it to respond to other pathogens.
If an individual had a clothespin squeezing rate of 25 in a time period of 20 seconds, what could you predict their clothes pin squeezing rate would be over the time period of 60 seconds.
75 clothespin squeezes
Explain why food must be digested before it can be used by cells
so it is small enough to fit into cells
A marathon runner begins to experience cramps and muscle fatigue. Provide a biological explanation for why this would occur.
There is a build up of waste/CO2/lactic acid in their muscle cells.
Their cells are not getting enough O2
Neurons are to (A.)_____________________ as endocrine glands are to (B.) __________________.
(A.) neurotransmitters
(B.) hormones
Explain why an organ transplant recipient has to take immunosuppressant drugs immediately following surgery.
-to prevent their body from attacking the new organ
-because their body may not recognize the antigens on the outside of the new organ and could attack it.
Describe one example of diffusion in the human body. In your description be sure to:
• identify the place where diffusion takes place
• identify a substance that diffuses there
• identify where that substance diffuses from and where it diffuses to, at that place
** Answers May Vary**
Alveoli, CO2/O2, From Alveoli to blood stream
Body Cells, CO2/O2, from blood stream to cell/ from cell to blood stream
Small Intestine, Glucose/Nutrients, villi of small intestine to blood stream
Blood stream, Glucose/Nutrients, From blood stream into body cells
Choose another body system and explain how it functions with the digestive system.
Describe the way in which the circulatory and respiratory systems work together to carry out their function.
The respiratory system brings in oxygen and the circulatory transports the oxygen around the body for cells to use.
Molecules in a certain medication attach to receptors on nerve cells. This prevents the normal chemical signal from binding to the receptor and delivering the pain message. One immediate result of taking this medication might be a disruption in the ability of: _______________________
Cell communication
The function of the nervous system
The body to feel/recognize pain
** Answers May Vary **
Immunization protects the human body from disease. The success of vaccinations can be seen in the fact that smallpox has been eliminated worldwide from the list of common infectious diseases. The only remaining smallpox viruses on Earth are thought to be those kept in certain research laboratories.
• what is in a vaccine
• how a vaccine promotes immunity
• one advantage of the use of vaccinations to fight bacterial diseases
• a dead or weakened form of the virus
• stimulates antibody production
• usually you will not get the virus / it provides immunity that lasts a long time
Explain why a runner on a hot sunny day may not have to use the bathroom as frequently as a secretary in a cool, air conditioned office. Throughout the day they both drink the same amount of water, but the secretary has to use the bathroom 3x and the runner only 1x.
The runner is losing excess water as sweat so the kidneys do not collect as much water from the bloodstream.
The runners body will try to conserve water because it is losing so much water as sweat.