Blood Cells
What type of white blood cells surrounds, 'chews up' and destroys pathogens on contact?
Phagocytes
What is the name of the fluid that moves around our bodies in the lymphatic system?
Lymph
What TYPE of pathogen causes athlete's foot in humans?
Fungi
What is the first line of defense in humans? Name one example.
Possible answers; Skin, Mucous, Eye's Cornea, Tears, Ear wax, Parts on mucous membranes (saliva, gastric juices, cilia)
Antigens and Antibodies are made up of _______________ (Hint: It is a macronutrient).
Protein
Where are MOST white blood cells made?
In the BONE MARROW. Note: some are also made in the spleen and lymph nodes (lymphocytes).
Name ONE main function of the lymphatic system.
Possible answers; -Producing white blood cells for the immune response
-Removing excess fluid around organs
-Absorbing and transporting fats
What TYPE of pathogen causes illnesses such as strep throat or food-borne illness?
Bacteria
This is the name for the type of immunity all humans are born with. The ____________ Immune System.
The INNATE Immune System
Antibodies are usually in what shape?
A Y shape
What type of white blood cell makes antibodies?
Lymphocytes (Specifically B Cells)
What is the name of the organ in your abdomen (belly) that stores blood for emergencies and helps create some white blood cells called lymphocytes?
The Spleen
What TYPE of pathogen causes illnesses such as the flu or chicken pox?
Viruses
What is the second line of defense in humans?
The immune response where white blood cells attack and destroy harmful substances
List TWO examples of antigens.
Possible answers; viruses, bacteria, parasites, chemicals, toxins, fungi, pollen
What is the scientific name for white blood cells?
Leukocytes
What is the name of the small organs in your throat that can swell when you have a sore throat or a cold?
The Tonsils
What TYPE of pathogen is a unicellular organism that has a cell wall?
Bacteria
What is an example of the third line of defense in humans?
1) Different Lymphoctyes remember previous pathogens and antibodies are made
2) Vaccines can create immunity in humans before they are infected (antibodies will be made)
How do antibodies help in the immune response?
They detect specific antigens (that match the tops of the Y shape in antibodies) and mark the specific antigen for destruction by binding to it.
What are the 4 main components of blood?
Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelets and Plasma
The lymphatic system works closely with what other body system to fight infection and keep the body healthy?
The Circulatory System
Name the FOUR types of pathogens we discussed in class.
Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Parasite
Give TWO examples of how your body might respond to an infection AND how the responses might help fight the infection.
1) FEVER which increases body temperature and can slow bacteria reproduction (harmful to bacteria)
2) SWELLING increases blood flow and gets more white blood cells to the site to fight infection
What is the SPECIFIC name of the leukocyte that makes antibodies? (Only 1 answer is correct)
B Cells (also known as B lymphocytes)