Understanding Human Behaviour
What si classical conditioning?
The process of learning through associations (Pavlov’s dog), and modelling.
Which theorist proposed 8 stages of personality development?
Erik Erikson
Who developed the hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
Who is the theorist behind the stages of cognitive development?
Jean Piaget
Which part of the brain is most involved in memory formation?
Hippocampus
Who developed Social Learning Theory?
Albert Bandura
According to Carl Jung, this term refers to the social face or role a person presents to the outside world.
A persona.
What is the main difference between physiological and safety needs in Maslow’s hierarchy?
Physiological needs are essential for survival, while safety needs focus on stability and security.
When does cognitive disequilibrium happen?
When there is a disconnect between a a child’s existing schemas and new knowledge they acquire.
What does the amygdala regulate?
Emotions, particularly fear and aggression.
What is an example of positive reinforcement?
Giving a child a piece of candy for finishing their homework.
This layer of Bronfenbrenner’s model refers to the immediate environment that directly influences a child’s development, such as family and school.
Microsystem
How does a person progress from one stage of Maslow’s hierarchy to the next?
By satisfying the current level of needs, allowing them to focus on higher-level goals.
Pick one of Piaget’s stages, and name at least one highlight that happens in that stage.
For example, they develop object permanence during the sensorimotor stage.
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?
Occipital lobe
What did Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment illustrate?
It illustrated that children learn and imitate behaviours by observing others, even without direct reinforcement.
According to Karen Horney, when dealing with anxiety, people either move towards others, against others, or ______.
Away from others
What does Rogers mean by the “ideal self”?
The person you aspire to be.
Define Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development.
The belief that there’s an area of growth a child can experience on their own, and a greater area of growth they can experience with support from adults and peers.
What brain structure is responsible for regulating basic life functions like breathing?
Medulla oblongata
Explain how operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning.
Operant conditioning involves learning through consequences (rewards or punishments) to shape behaviour, while classical conditioning involves learning through associations between stimuli.
Who developed Birth Order Theory?
Alfred Adler.
The theory suggests that the order in which a child is born in a family influences their personality and behaviour.
What is Self-Actualisation? Name one characteristic of a self-actualized person.
a state of being where individuals reach their full potential and feel fulfilled with the life they’re living.
Includes:
a strong sense of autonomy
commitment to personal growth
a desire to make a positive impact on the world.
What is the concept of schemas, and how do they help children understand the world?
Schemas are mental frameworks that help children organize information and make sense of new experiences.
A bundle of nerves responsible for connecting the two cerebral hemispheres.
Corpus Callosum