Theories of Development
This theory explains human development through natural selection and adaptive traits.
What is Evolutionary Theory?
Freud’s theory emphasizes the influence of these two primary impulses.
What are sexual and aggressive impulses?
This type of learning occurs by observing and imitating others.
What is observational learning?
Roles in social role theory are linked to gender, age, marital status, and this.
What is kinship?
A logical system that explains observations and predicts relationships is called this.
What is a theory?
This theory emphasizes the origins and development of mental life, focusing on personality and emotions.
What is Psychoanalytic Theory?
Piaget called the process of modifying schemes in response to new experiences this.
What is accommodation?
According to learning theory, behaviors change as a result of changes in this.
What is the environment?
Systems theory emphasizes the bidirectional nature of influence across what?
What are system boundaries?
The study of evolutionarily significant behaviors, like caregiving and mating strategies, is called this
What is ethology?
This perspective looks at continuity and change in complex systems and emphasizes interdependence.
What is Systems Theory?
Vygotsky emphasized the role of this in organizing higher mental processes.
What is social context / culture?
Cultural theory emphasizes that development is shaped by shared systems of what?
What are meanings and patterns of behavior?
In systems theory, each person is both a component of a system and a what?
What is a system unto the self?
Piaget’s process of integrating new information into existing schemes is called this.
What is assimilation?
This theory studies culturally shared patterns of meaning and behavior transmitted across generations.
What is Cultural Theory?
Contemporary psychoanalytic theory highlights needs and development of this aspect of the mind.
What is the ego / interpersonal development?
Cultural theory recognizes constants in developmental tasks but emphasizes differences in what?
What are socialization processes and ideal developmental pathways?
Social role theory explains how self-definition changes as a result of entering and losing these
What are roles?
The flexible behavioral system that allows humans to adapt to environmental changes is emphasized in this theory.
What is learning theory?
This theory emphasizes socially constructed roles, role gain, role loss, and multiple role enactment
What is Social Role Theory?
Cognitive developmental theories view the child as actively doing this with knowledge.
What is constructing knowledge?
Learning theories make no assumptions about these universal sequences.
What are stages of growth?
Ecological systems theory highlights layered environments, also called what?
What are microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem?
The genetically governed traits that allow species to survive and reproduce are referred to as this.
What is adaptive value / fitness?