Greenhouse Effect
This natural phenomenon allows Earth to remain warm even when no sunlight is present.
What is the greenhouse effect?
Climate change refers to temperature and precipitation patterns that occur over these time periods.
What are long periods of time?
This gas is produced from agriculture and raising cattle.
What is methane?
Rising CO2 levels cause more of this gas to dissolve into the ocean.
What is carbon dioxide?
Besides carbon dioxide and water vapour, the notes mention these two other greenhouse gases.
What are methane and nitrogen oxides?
The average temperature on Earth is about this many degrees Celsius.
What is 14°C?
Scientists study samples from this frozen substance to track climate changes over hundreds of thousands of years.
What is glacial ice?
Transportation activities produce carbon emissions by burning these types of fuels.
What are fossil fuels?
When CO2 dissolves in ocean water, it forms this type of acid.
What is carbonic acid?
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere do this to infrared radiation that reflects from Earth's surface.
What is absorb and hold
When sunlight strikes Earth, some light energy is converted into this type of energy that has a longer wavelength.
What is heat energy (or infrared radiation)?
This continent is where scientists trace CO2 levels back over hundreds of thousands of years.
What is Antarctica?
These nitrogen compounds are produced from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes.
What are nitrogen oxides
This process lowers the pH of seawater and causes coral and algae to die.
What is ocean acidification?
Sunlight takes the form of this type of wavelength, which does not provide warming.
What are short wavelengths?
These are the two most significant greenhouse gases mentioned in the notes.
What are carbon dioxide and water vapour?
Since this historical period, there has been a correlation between rising CO2 concentrations and global temperatures.
What is the industrial revolution?
These three main categories of human activities produce greenhouse gases.
What are transportation, agriculture/cattle raising, and industrial processes?
Ocean acidification affects the amount of this substance available for shell and skeleton formation.
What is carbonate?
This explains why outer space is cold despite receiving sunlight.
What is that short wavelengths are not warming?
This continent can experience temperatures as low as -80°C, while this continent can experience temperatures above 50°C.
What are Antarctica and Africa?
These are natural climate changes that glacial ice samples help scientists track.
What are ice ages?
this industrial process and fuel combustion both contribute to producing oxides of nitrogen.
What are fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes?
These two types of marine organisms are specifically mentioned as being affected by carbonate availability.
What are organisms that form shells and skeletons?
Heat energy has this type of wavelength compared to the sunlight that strikes Earth.
What is a longer wavelength?