Cranial Changes
This feature is used for attachment of strong jaw muscles
Sagittal crest
Difference in foramen magnum position in Quads vs Bipeds
Quads at the back of the skull, bipeds underneath
Living in a tree
Arboreal
The reason Gorilla's have large canines
Why are H. Sapiens less hairy that other apes
Where the spinal cord enters the skull
Foramen magnum
Difference in spine shape for Quads and Bipeds
C/Arch shaped vs S shaped
Moving by swinging limbs
brachiating
The reason why H. Sapiens have a V shaped jaw instead of a U shape like Primates
Loss of the diastema
2 Benefits of walking on 2 limbs
hands free for carrying food, offspring and tools
can see predators or danger from further away
Why do humans have a flat forehead compared to the sloping foreheads?
Larger forebrain
Reason early hominins started walking upright
Change in environment from thick dense forest to dry savannah
The type of locomotion humans use ( 2 words)
Lower facial skeletal projection in primates
Prognathism
Angle of femur that allows legs to be directly under our center of gravity
Valgus angle
Areas of the brain related to speech production and speech comprehension.
Broca's and Wernicke's area
shape of ribcage in quads vs bipeds
bipeds barrel shaped, quads cone shaped
What do our hands have in common with those of primates
Cranial capacity of gorilla vs H. sapiens
400cc vs 1400cc
All primates have _____ grip but only humans have _____ ______
Power grip, precision grip
List 4 features of a primate skull that have reduced in human skulls
Sagittal crest, Nuchal crest, Brow ridge, Zygomatic arch,
Pelvis shape in quads and bipeds, reason for the differences
Bipedal pelvises, found in humans and some other animals, are broader, shorter, and more bowl-shaped than the elongated, narrower pelvises of quadrupeds. This structural change in bipedal pelvises is crucial for supporting the body's weight upright and facilitating efficient bipedal locomotion.
This word means using digits to grasp
Prehensile
The differences in physical characteristics between males and females of the same species
Sexual dimorphism
2 consequences of bipedalism for humans
Painful child birth, back pain, increased susceptibility to injuries in the legs.