Archaeological Science
What is archaeology
The interdisciplinary study of material culture from former human societies
Name 3 distinct human traits (that evolved gradually)
Big/complex brain
Dental morphology
Bipedalism
Describe monogamy
not ALWAYS faithful
heavy parental care
The 2 periods in the Cenozoic era
Tertiary and Quaternary
What are anthropoids
apes, monkeys, humans (all direct ancestors)
What is the difference between fieldwork and graverobbing?
Data collection (typically to create 3D model of an area and its items.
As length of body increases what else increases
longevity of life
Which social group includes territorial males, male-male competition, one male and multiple females, and sexual dimorphism
Gorillas
Which epoch did most of human evolution occur (including the appearance of hominoids and hominins)
Miocene
Explain features of Aegyptopithicus
One of the first primates
Catarrhine
foward facing eyes
reduced snout
frugivore
large brain
arboreal
What are behavioral analogs and how are behaviors less reliable then material items like fossils, artifacts, and features?
Behavioral traits are behaviors that are similar across species due to environmental necessities and not genetics.
Not documented, imperialism, evolutionary psychology
What are unique traits of dental morphology
Parabolic dental arcade
Thick enamel
Reduced canines
large molars
Explain solitary social organization and give an example
1 male over an area of land in which there is a large amount of male/male competition and sexual dimorphism
Orangutans
Which epoch and era did anthropoids first appear?
Oligocene Epoch, Cenozoic era
What are the four types of quadrupedalism
Fist walking
knuckle walking
Branchiation
Vertical tree climbing
Relative Dating vs. Absolute dating
Relative dating focuses on creating an order of which things were created (older than... younger than...)
Absolute dating provides a date or range of time in which an item or event occurred.
Explain Bipedalism and requires physiological traits
2 hind legs one on a ground at a time switching by shifting weight onto other foot by following arches and keeping rest of body stable
Short pelvis
Stable head, torso, hips
two arches in foot (walking heel to toe: little toe to big toe)
soft heel +big ankle
S-shaped spine
foramen magnum on bottom of skull
Carrying angle femur attached to straight shin
Which social group does Dr. Cho not believe humans are and we should probably avoid arguing even if we truly believe it? (No hate ofc just strategy)
Monogamy
Name all the periods in the Cenozoic era from oldest to most recent
Paleocene
Eocene
Oligocene
Miocene
Pliocene
Pleistocene
Holocene
What are some traits of adapids and omomyids
Arboreal insectivore
post orbital bar
larger brain
nails
opposable pollex
stereoscopic vision
lived in Europe Asia Africa and North America
Describe the whole process of thermoluminescence
Item sits and gathers radioactivity throughout the years
Item is found and reheated
Energy in the form of light is released
Intensity of light is measured
What behavioral analogs do we share with other primates
Grooming, social learning, communication
What are characteristics of living in social groups
(Think pros and cons and requirements)
Group Feeding
Alarm Calls
Diseases Spread
Mates are Close by
More intelligence
What major event occurred in the Oligocene
Mass extinction of North American Mammals
What specialized traits do modern apes have
Opposable thumb
dentititon(2123)
Nails
Vision dominant
post orbital plate
reduction of snout
increased brain complexity
fewer offspring
long juvenile dependency