Development
What is GDP and GNP
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Total money produced within a country's borders
Gross National Product (GDP)
National income including residents abroad
Chronic vs Periodic Hunger
Chronic hunger -> no access to food, lifestyle of hunger, missing many meals
Periodic hunger -> temporary/short temporal frame (natural disaster)
What is the multiplier effect
Creation of new businesses and other industries as a result of investment in other industries
Ex. Lumber yard and cabinet manufacturing, investment into cabinet company -> influences glass making can now supply cabinet company
What are CFCs
Pollutant that breaks down in the atmosphere and releases chlorine atoms which dissolve the ozone layer
Giant hole appeared in 1980s -> no protection from uv
Why do we need a paradigm shift
its not poor persons fault yeah i need to finish this game
What is PPP
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
the rates of currency conversion that try to equalise the purchasing power of different currencies, by eliminating the differences in price levels between countries
Explain the Concept of Cash Crops and the potential downsides
Adjustment programs require countries to swap to cash crops to aid the economy (sell on world market). -> leads to risk of vertical integration from a MNC.
Cash crops are also subject to global market forces -> if the crop fails then loses a lot of money.
also damages soil -> monocultures are usually not good
What is site and situation
Site refers to the physical and natural characteristics of a location. The situation describes the place in relation to other places and their connectivity.
Carrying Capacity?
he amount of people an area of land can sustain based on its resources
direct payment to a person while normal loans usually go through gov.
allows startups and shi
Factors that determine HDI
Life Expectancy
mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, life expectancy at birth, and gross national income (GNI) per capita.
Describe Mathusians Theory of population and what did he not account for
he did not account for agriculutral revolutions, and that production rates were not linear
Push Pull Migration Factors
Simple rural to urban
job, housing, resources, schooling
Immigration urban to urban
Job, school, housing, resources, racism, personal security
Out Migration
Finance, retirement, change of pace
Decentralization
Retirement, racism, finances
Urban Sprawl?
The spread of urban development to nearby undeveloped land
UBI and why it doesnt work
monthly income to pay for basic needs (unconditional - no stipulation)
Doesnt work because people think its unfair + some are ambitious and want to make more
Poverty Cycle for MEDCS
Poor employment opportunities
underemployment -> poor families who cant make enough buy processed foods, which are less nutritious
Children born into obesogenic environment
Facing financial strain, they stay in the cycle of poverty and malnutrition
Poor life balance leading
5 challenges to ending hunger
Poverty and inequality fuel food insecurity
Climate change and extreme weather events disrupt food accessibility
Conflict and political instability contribute to malnutrition
Water scarcity fuels food insecurity
Population growth and urbanization contribute to hunger
Challenegs to LEDC urbanization
basic sanitation
Housing (shanty towns)
Pollution
Social systems (Healthcare, edu)
Work opportunities
Crime/exploitation
Range and Threshold?
The distance someone would travel for a good/service and the amount of people a business needs to be sucessfull
Why should we educate females
LEDC have large families cus they used to have to work in farm and low chance of survival -> now most survive and its deterimental to a family
Vertial and Horizontal integration
Vertical: When a company purchases all levels of production (seeds, shipping, factory, market, customer)
Horizontal: A company purchasing all other competitor companies (one company buying a bunch of independent farms)
What is urban decay and suburbanization
A process in where an urban city slowly falls into despair and decay. Often depicted by infrastructure and social problems and depleted buildings\
process of shifting from more core cities to more rural suburban areas
Explain Core Revitalization and Gentirification
Direct government investment: grant + loan
Public-private partnership -> gov and private company purchase a business together to revitalize it (gov aid)
Takes a long-term investment from businesses -> difficult
Rezoning downtown core
A process where a more impoverished urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in. -> improving housing and services and attracting new business.
Those who stayed get increased tax rates and forced out (as areas improve the poor community.
Explain why we need a paradigm shift for poverty
yeah i mnot ans ts pmo ikiab ts so kevin it gmg
Poverty is global
Poverty isn't a character problem, it needs a paradigm shift where poverty != devaluing. Lack of cash, and needs to help them