Shapes of States
long, narrow state shape difficult to defend and communicate
elongated state
very small state with small population and area
microstate
A cultural group without its own sovereign territory.
Nationless State
Reproduction by cloning plants (cuttings, roots).
Vegetative Planting
Global transfer of crops, animals, diseases after 1492.
Columbian Exchange
borders nearly equidistant from the center efficient for governance
compact state
State with no direct ocean access; dependent on neighbors for trade.
landlocked state
Transfer of power from central to regional/local governments.
Devolution
Reproduction through planting seeds.
Seed Agriculture
HYVs, fertilizers, pesticides, increased production, 1960s.
Green Revolution
state split into multiple pieces diverse resources but hard to unify
fragmented state
Loyalty to and belief in the superiority of one’s nation.
Nationalism
Group seeking to break away and form an independent state.
Separatist Movement
Channeling water to fields.
Irrigation
Seeds bred for high production.
HYV (High Yield Varieties)
a state that completely surrounds another
Love and loyalty toward one’s country; more inclusive.
Patriotism
Deliberate modification of Earth’s surface to grow crops/raise animals.
Agriculture
Transition from hunting-gathering to farming.
First Agricultural Revolution
Genetically modified organism.
GMO
a state with an extended arm protruding from the main territory
prorupted state
Country containing multiple nationalities.
Multinational State
Region where major crops first developed (ex. SW Asia: barley, wheat).
Crop Hearth
Mechanization, improved tools, higher yields.
Second Agricultural Revolution
Uses natural processes, avoids synthetic chemicals.
Organic Farming