Show:
Intro to HGD
Infancy
Early Childhood
Early Ch. and Preschool
Preschool
100
Explain the biopsychosocial model.
Lifespan development as the product of the interaction between biological, psychological and social forces.
100
Define autonomy
When infants realize that they have a share in controlling their interactions with others.
100
What is the main focus of early childhood?
Can I master my body? (especially with toilet training)
100
What characteristics might a person raised by an authoritative parent have?
Friendly, cooperative, high need for achievement, high competence levels
100
What is associative play?
The children are playing together but they are more interested in the social interacting than the play. (think about girls chatting on swings.)
200
What does a lifespan psychologist study?
Human development from conception to death.
200
Describe reciprocal interactions.
You react to me in a particular manner and I change. As a result of the changes that occur in me, you change. This goes back and forth, constantly changing the relationship.
200
Who is the primary influence in early childhood?
Parents
200
What are some characteristics of quality daycare?
• Good staff-child ratio • Staff is trained and well-educated • Attractive safe environment • Concern with personal care • Supervised motor activities • Attention to language skills • Creative opportunities • Social relationships are encouraged
200
Give an example of cooperative play.
board games, building forts, playing baseball with teams, etc.
300
Explain "tabula rasa". Who coined that phrase?
children are a "blank slate" on which their parents and teachers will write. John Locke coined the phrase in 1693.
300
When does an infant start visually tracking his parent?
4 months of age
300
Name and describe Baumrind's 3 types of parenting behavior.
1. Authoritarian— Demanding parents who expect instant obedience. No consideration is given to the child’s wants and needs. These parents will say, “Do it my way or else!” 2. Authoritative—These parents respond to their children’s needs and wishes. When exerting control, they explain the reasons for their decision. They encourage their children’s independence and expect mature behavior. 3. Permissive—These parents take a tolerant view of their children’s behavior. They rarely use punishment or make demands on their children. Children tend to make their own decisions and choices.
300
What are some effects of quality day care?
1. Aids in motor development with increases in height and weight 2. Kids tend to get more colds and viruses which in the long runs helps them build a better immune system 3. More independent but they are still securely attached to their family 4. Advanced cognitive skills 5. Advanced language skills 6. Positive effect on child’s intellectual development
300
a 1 1/2 year old running in the back yard is an example of what type of play?
Functional play
400
When did "childhood" become a legal definition?
in the late 1800s.
400
When does separation anxiety/ stranger anxiety start?
9 months of age
400
What characteristics might a person raised by an authoritarian parent have?
Withdrawn, lack enthusiasm, hostile, shy, low competence
400
Define onlooker play.
Children sit by watching others play calling out suggestions to them.
400
What is the crisis in the preschool stage of development? What is the main strength or goal of this stage?
Initiative vs guilt and children in preschool years are looking for a sense of purpose.
500
Describe a what a longitudinal study is. What longitudinal study have we been following this semester?
A longitudinal study is when researchers make several observations of the same individuals at 2 or more times in their lives. We've been following the UP Series.
500
Describe what happened in Mary Ainsworth's "Strange Situation" experiment.
Ainsworth had a mother take an infant to an observation room. The child was placed on the floor and allowed to play with toys. A stranger (female) then entered the room and began to talk to the mother. Observers watced to see how the infant reacted to the stranger and to what extent the child used the mother as a secure base.
500
What characteristics might someone raised by a permissive parent have?
Impulsivity, low self-reliance, low self control, aggressive behaviors, low maturity.
500
What is parallel play?
children play beside each other but not with each other
500
What are some skills learned during the preschool stage?
• Planning and organizing • Basic personal care skills—buttons and zippers • Basic physics—things roll down a hill, not up; things that are dropped can fall and break • Courage and independence • Judgment especially with risk-taking activities such as riding a bike