Puberty, The Brain and Development
Puberty typically begins between these ages for girls and these ages for boys, marking the start of physical and hormonal changes.
What are 8 to 14 for girls and 9 to 16 for boys?
This British psychologist is considered the father of attachment theory.
Who is John Bowlby?
ACES stands for...
What is Adverse Childhood Experiences
At this age, most infants begin to crawl
What is 7-10 months
Play during infancy often involves exploring objects with hands and mouth, known as this type of play
What is sensorimotor play?
Tweens incorporate abstract and social elements into this understanding of oneself, evolving from the basic descriptions of younger children.
What is Self-Concept
Erik Erikson stated that this stage of development involves adolescents exploring their identity and figuring out who they are.
What is identity vs. role confusion?
Prolonged stress from ACEs that impacts brain and immune system development is referred to as this.
What is toxic stress?
This cognitive milestone, typically developed by infants around 8 to 12 months, is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.
What is object permanence
Research has shown that play enhances development in this key cognitive skill involving planning and problem-solving
What is executive function
The process where the brain eliminates unnecessary neural connections during puberty is known as this.
What is synaptic pruning?
According to Vygotsky, this zone represents tasks a child can accomplish with guidance but not independently.
What is Zone of Proximal Development
Identify at least 6 ACES
What are:
Adolescents experience rapid development in this area of the brain, which supports decision-making.
What is prefrontal cortex
Risky Play involves activities that let kids explore these limits.
What are physical and emotional limits?
The evaluation of one’s worth, which begins to solidify around age eight, is referred to by this term.
What is self-esteem
In Piaget's preoperational stage, children often display this inability to see things from another's perspective.
What is egocentrism?
Developing this type of relationship with at least one caring adult helps children feel valued and supported.
What is a nurturing or supportive relationship?
At this stage, children develop the ability to understand others’ emotions and perspectives.
What is theory of mind
Name the elements of risky play
speed, height, solitary exploration, dangerous elements, rough and tumble
Early hormonal changes starting around age six to eight are described using this phrase.
What are "under the bonnet" changes?
According to Kohlberg, the level of morality where rules are viewed as fixed and absolute, commonly seen in young children.
What is preconventional morality?
Having opportunities to express themselves and be heard in a safe space builds this important childhood sense of self-worth.
What is a sense of agency or confidence?
During this stage of development, tweens begin to value friendships more deeply, seek independence from parents, and develop these key interpersonal skills.
What are communication and empathy skills?
What is the difference between risky play and hazardous play?