Show:
Genetics 1
Genetics 2
Genetics 3
Genetics 4
Genetics 5
100
Test used to determine the genotype of an organism showing the dominant phenotype.
Test Cross
100
The possible offspring of a genetic cross are often shown with diagrams called ____________.
Punett Squares
100
The dominant gene, when present, is written in the ________ position.
First
100
________ are sections of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules.
Genes
100
The three-nucleotide sequence in messenger RNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a _______.  
Codon
200
Two species with the following alleles for color are crossed. The alleles are B and b to indicate the presence of a particular color or not. Show an offspring with heteroxygous and homozygous recessive genes.
Bb bb
200
When the genes for two different traits are located on the same pair of homologous chromosomes, they tend to be inherited together. Such genes are said to be _______.
Linked
200
_______ is a chromosomal rearrangement in which a section of a chromosome breaks off a chromosome and becomes reattached to a non-homologous chromosome.
Translocation
200
What is Replication?
Replication: Process by which the DNA makes exact copies of itself.
200
Each kind of transfer RNA has a three-nucleotide sequence, called __________ , that is complementary to a codon on the messenger RNA.
Anticodon
300
During synapsis in the first meiotic division, the chromatids of a pair of homologous chromosomes often twist around each other, break, exchange segments, and rejoin. This exchange of segments is called ______, and results in a rearrangement of linked genes and produces _________ in offspring.
crossing-over, variations
300
In a test cross, the organism in question is crossed with a homozygous recessive organism. a) If the test organism is homozygous ___________, all offspring will be heterozygous and show the dominant phenotype. b) If any of the offspring shows the recessive phenotype, the individual being tested is ___________.
a) dominant b) heterozygous
300
DNA molecules are very large; each is made up of thousands of repeating units called ________.
nucleotides
300
State the ways the four nitrogenous bases of DNA nucleotides bond together.
The four nitrogenous bases of DNA nucleotides bond together in only one way: * Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), by a double hydrogen bond; * Cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G), by triple hydrogen bond.
300
Ribosomal RNA is found in the ribosomes, which are the sites of ________ synthesis.
protein
400
In the inheritance of some traits there are more than two different alleles for the trait, which are known as multiple alleles. However, no more than ____ alleles for a trait can be present in a cell. This means that while there may be three or more different forms of a gene for a particular trait, any given organism can have only ____ of them.
two, two
400
__________ of a chromosome segment occurs when a portion of a chromosome breaks off one chromosome and becomes reattached to the homologous chromosome.   _________ of a chromosome segment occurs when a portion of a chromosome breaks off and does not become attached to any other chromosome or to a non-homologous chromosome.  
Addition, Deletion
400
State the three parts a DNA nucleotide is composed of.
a phosphate group; a molecule of the 5-carbon sugar deoxyribose; and a nitrogenous base.
400
DNA replication is a necessary part of the chromosome replication that occurs in _________ and __________.
mitosis and meiosis
400
What is a polypeptide?
It is a chain of amino acids.
500
Blood type in humans is a trait involving multiple alleles. The possible blood types produced by these alleles are A, B, AB, and O. Give the genotypes for three blood types.
IAIA or IAi, IBIB or IBi, IAIB, Ii
500
_____ of the chromosomes is the genetic material that is passed from generation to generation. DNA controls cellular activities by controlling the production of _________.
DNA, Proteins
500
There are four different nitrogenous bases found in DNA nucleotides __________, _________, _________, and __________. Therefore, there are four different types of nucleotides, depending on which base is present.  
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine
500
State the three kinds of RNA molecules in cells.
Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
500
What does the one gene -- one polypeptide hypothesis state?
*According to the one gene -- one polypeptide hypothesis, each gene controls the synthesis of a single polypeptide. * A modern definition of the gene is the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule necessary to synthesize a polypeptide.