Metabolism
The term for the category of metabolic reactions that break down large molecules & release ATP as energy
What is catabolism?
This hormone is released after a high-carbohydrate meal to lower blood glucose
What is insulin?
The circuit that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen AND the circuit that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
What are the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit?
This phase of the cell cycle is when DNA replication occurs
What is S phase?
In Type I diabetes, pancreatic β cells are destroyed. After a meal, the predicted levels of insulin, glucagon, and blood glucose.
What is: lack of insulin, elevated glucagon, elevated glucose?
This type of metabolic reaction builds larger molecules and stores energy
What is anabolism?
This hormone increases during fasting to raise blood glucose levels
What is glucagon?
These tiny blood vessels are where oxygen leaves the blood and enters tissues
What are capillaries?
This is the result of a cell completing mitosis but failing cytokinesis.
A cell fails to attach its chromosomes to spindle fibers but still proceeds with division, producing abnormal daughter cells. This cell cycle checkpoint failed.
What is M checkpoint?
This type of digestion uses specialized proteins (enzymes) to break down large complex molecules into their smaller base components
What is chemical digestion?
This condition results from the inability to produce insulin.
What is Type I diabetes?
An athlete has a low resting heart rate but still delivers enough blood to the body; this variable must be higher to compensate
What is stroke volume?
Failure at this checkpoint allows damaged DNA to continue to cell division.
What is G2?
These treatments damage both cancerous and healthy cells because they target rapidly dividing cells
What is chemotherapy?
On a keto diet, the body relies on these macromolecules to fuel cellular respiration
What are proteins and lipids/fats?
This condition occurs when cells fail to respond properly to insulin despite its presence
What is type II diabetes?
This condition reduces oxygen delivery due to decreased red blood cells or hemoglobin
What is anemia?
When a gene that normally stops cell division is lost, this type of gene has been affected
What are tumor suppressor genes?
This medical emergency occurs when an embolus (blood clot) blocks blood flow to the brain
What is a stroke?
This pathway allows ATP production when oxygen is unavailable, often occurring in muscle cells during active exercise.
What is lactic acid fermentation?
Compared to a high-carb diet, this dietary approach leads to more stable blood glucose and lower insulin spikes
What is keto diet?
A blood clot travels to the heart and blocks a vessel; this condition results in:
What is a myocardial infarction/heart attack?
In this cancer treatment, a patient’s immune cells are modified to better recognize and attack cancer cells.
What is CAR-T therapy?
A patient with low red blood cell count experiences fatigue because this molecular process is reduced.
What is reduced cellular respiration?