Body Basics
What is the tiniest building block of matter?
Atom
Hearing is sensed in what part of the ear?
Cochlea
Name the cranial nerve and number that is is responsible for eyesight
Cranial Nerve II (2) Optic Nerve
What are the 3 major parts of the brain?
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brainstem
If a patient cannot see, what cranial nerve and lobe of the brain may be damaged?
Optic nerve Cranial Nerve II (2)
or Occipital Lobe
Name the 3 types of muscle tissue
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Name the vestibular sense that is perceived in the utricle
Linear Acceleration
Name the cranial nerve and number that is responsible for sensation around the ear, and controls motor activity of the heart, throat, digestive system
Cranial Nerve X (10) Vagus Nerve
Name the 4 lobes of the brain and their function
Frontal - behavior, decision making, movement
Temporal - speech, music, memory
Parietal - Pain, touch, spatial relationships, identify objects
Occipital - vision
If a patient can understand speech but is having trouble speaking, what part of the brain may be affected?
Broca's area in the frontal lobe
Name the 3 major structures of the Excretory System and what they do
Kidney - filters blood, makes urine
Bladder - Urine is stored here until released
Urethra - Tube that carries urine to the outside of the body
What is the name of the receptor that senses muscle tension?
Golgi Tendon Organ
Name the 3 cranial nerves responsible for eye movements
Oculomotor
Abducens
Trochlear
Name the 3 glands in the brain and their function
Pituitary - Master gland that controls functions of other glands including the thyroid, gonads and adrenals
Hypothalamus - Regulates the pituitary gland, Involved in sleep patterns, hunger, thirst, and emotions
Pineal Gland - Circadian rhythm - sleep/wake cycle, melatonin
If someone is having trouble with dealing with stress, what area of the brain may be involved?
Amygdala
Name the 5 Vital Organs for life
The brain sends and receives the most information from what parts of the body? (As shown on the homunculus?)
Hands, Feet, Face, Lips, Tongue
Glossopharyngeal - taste, ear and throat movement
Hypoglossal - movement of the tongue
Name the components of a neuron
Dendrites
Cell body
Nucleus
Axon
Synaptic terminal
If a patient cannot shrug their shoulders or move their neck, what cranial nerve may be affected?
Cranial Nerve XI (11) Accessory
Name the 4 components of blood and their function
Plasma - Water containing hormones, nutrients and other important compounds
Red Blood Cells - Carry Oxygen
White Blood Cells - Defend against infection
Platelets - Blood clotting factors
Name the 5 touch receptors and their function
Free nerve endings - pain, temperature, crude touch
Pacinian Corpuscles - deep pressure and vibration
Meissner's Corpuscles - dynamic pressure
Merkel's Discs- static pressure
Ruffini's Corpuscles - Skin stretch
If a patient cannot move the right side of his face and states that he also noted that he could no longer taste food, what cranial nerve is affected?
Cranial Nerve VII (7) Facial Nerve
Name all glia cells and identify the picture
Astrocytes, Ependymal Cells, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, Satellite Cells, Schwann Cells
DOUBLE POINTS
Trace a motor nerve signal's path, including where it starts, the parts of the neuron it travels through and then where it goes. Assume 2 neurons
Descending. Starts in the brain (CNS) motor cortex (frontal lobe). Dendrites take in signals, send to cell body, down axon to the synaptic terminal to the dendrites of another neuron in the vertebral ganglion in spinal cord to cell body, down the axon in the peripheral nervous system neuron to the target organ