Group behavior
The three cognitive mechanisms of Social Identity Theory
Social categorization, social identification, and social comparison
Three characteristics of an Individualistic culture
Uniqueness is valued, speak one's mind, self is defined by achievement, self-actualization is a goal, privacy is important, and freedom/autonomy is valued.
A decrease in this neurotransmitter may be responsible for the obsession thoughts characteristic of falling in love.
Serotonin
The healthiest and most effective communication style
Assertive communication
There is a lack of diversity in the people who are studied.
Sampling or Ascertainment bias
The longer people commit to something, the less likely they will abandon the goal.
Goal gradients
The dimension in which hierarchy is respected and authority figures are rarely questioned or challenged
Power distance
The part of the brain that psychologists believe oxytocin suppresses during the process of pair bonding.
Amygdala
According to Bradbury and Fincham, which type of attribution is appropriate when your partner does something positive?
Dispositional
Participants under-report negative behaviors (like aggression or infidelity) and over-report positive traits to look favorable
Social Desirability Bias
This technique involves making an attractive initial offer that a buyer will agree to, then raising the price slightly before a final purchase.
Lowballing
The mistaken belief that all people from the same culture share the same traits/characteristics
Ecological fallacy
The theory that we are attracted to someone based on the desire for cognitive consistency
The Similarity Attraction Model
Social Penetration Theory argues that this is essential for a strong relationship.
Self-disclosure
When discussing your relationship, you remember mostly the worst moments and don't remember that most of the time it was a good relationship.
Peak-end rule
When we conform because we don't know how we are expected to behave in a specific situation.
An approach to studying culture that focuses on the local culture and does not attempt to make universal generalizations.
An emic approach
Spending more time with someone may lead to growing attraction.
Gottman argues that this is the most toxic of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
Contempt
When you ask participants to predict how they would behave in a theoretical situation.
Hypothetical bias
What are two ways that we reduce cognitive dissonance?
Change the behavior, discredit the belief, or justify the behavior
Intregration
When we assume that a person who is physically attractive also possesses other desirable traits, such as kindness, intelligence, or confidence
The Halo Effect
A study that looks at communication at the beginning of a relationship to determine its effect over time - and then measures the health of the relationships after several years, is what type of study?
A prospective study.
When following couples in crisis over a number of years, those who end up resolving their problems leave your study.
Attrition bias