The process through which managers ensure that employees' activities and outputs align with organizational goals
What is performance management?
100
The extent to which a performance measure assess the relevant (and only the relevant) aspects of job performance
What is validity?
100
This performance appraisal technique requires managers to keep a record of specific examples of effective and ineffective performance on the part of each employee.
What is the critical incidents approach?
100
Rating error made when the rater evaluates a person positively on all attributes because of one quality
What is the halo error?
100
The degree of consistency among the individuals who evaluate the employee's performance
What is interrater reliability?
200
The performance measurement approach that requires managers to rank employees within their departments from highest performer to poorest performer
What is simple ranking?
200
The performance appraisal method that requires managers to compare every employee with every other employee in the work group, giving an employee a score of "1" every time he or she is considered the highest performer
What is the paired comparison method?
200
The extent to which a performance measure gives an employee guidance about what is expected of him/her and how they can meet those expectations
What is specificity?
200
Appraisal that involves collecting subordinates' evaluations of their manager's behavior or skills
What is upward feedback?
200
Rater error in which a manager compares individuals with one another instead of against an objective standard
What is contrast error?
300
The performance appraisal method that requires the manager to put certain percentages of employees into predetermined categories
What is forced distribution?
300
The performance management approach that combines information from the employee's managers, peers, subordinates, customers, and the employee him/herself
What is 360-degree performance appraisal?
300
A system in which people at each level of the organization set goals in a process that flows from the top to the bottom
What is MBO?
300
The degree to which the results of a performance measurement are consistent over time
What is test-retest reliability?
300
An approach to performance measurement in which a manager must rate the frequency with which the employee has exhibited certain behaviors during the rating period
What is a behavioral observation scale (BOS)?
400
Meetings at which managers discuss employee performance ratings in an effort to reduce the influence of rating errors and politics on appraisal results
What are calibration meetings?
400
When dealing with these employees, the solution to performance issues may be withholding pay increases, demotion, outplacement or firing
What is deadwood?
400
Managing the behavior of employees through a formal system of behavioral feedback and reinforcement
What is organizational behavior modification (OBM)?
400
The consistency of a performance measure
What is reliability?
400
The extent to which a performance measure is deemed to be satisfactory or adequate by those who use it
What is acceptability?
500
A performance measurement method in which managers rate an employee's performance as above, below or at a level specified in each statement
What is a mixed standard scale?
500
Rating error made when the rater uses only one part of a rating scale
What is a distributional error?
500
Performance measurement system that rates behavior in terms of a scale showing specific statements of behavior that describe different levels of performance
What is a behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS)?
500
Rater error in which one negative aspect of the employee's peformance results in the rater assigning low ratings to all other aspects
What is the horn error?
500
Method of performance management that lists traits and provides a rating scale for each trait