Developing recognition of human rights
This major 19th-century achievement was one of the earliest recognitions of universal human dignity and led to the creation of international treaties such as the Slavery Convention 1926.
What is the abolition of slavery?
Adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948, this landmark document outlines the basic rights and freedoms all humans are entitled to.
What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
This principle allows states to govern themselves and can both help and hinder the enforcement of international human rights.
What is state sovereignty?
This type of law made by parliament plays a key role in protecting rights such as anti-discrimination laws.
What is statute law?
This Australian woman was allegedly a victim of forced marriage and domestic violence before being murdered in Victoria in 2019.
Who is Ruqia Haidari?
This development ensured workers could form organisations to negotiate better conditions, leading to laws protecting minimum wage and safe work environments.
What is trade unionism and labour rights?
This international treaty, adopted in 1966, protects rights such as freedom of speech, fair trial, and voting.
What is the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?
This international body promotes human rights through agencies like the UNHRC and actions such as peacekeeping and passing resolutions.
What is the United Nations?
These organisations advocate for rights, offer legal support, and lobby for law reform—an example is Support for Trafficked People Program: assists victims and survivors of modern slavery.
What is a Human Rights are non-government organisation in Australia?
This treaty focuses on the rights of women, stating in Article 16(1)(b) that women must be able to freely choose a spouse and enter into marriage with full consent.
What does CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) state in relation to forced marriage?
This human right means that every adult has the ability to vote regardless of gender, race, or social status, and is central to democracy.
What is universal suffrage?
This treaty focuses on rights like education, health, and an adequate standard of living, and was adopted alongside its civil and political counterpart.
What is the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights?
Organisations such as the European Union and African Union promote human rights across multiple countries.
What are intergovernmental organisations?
This process involves turning international human rights treaties into enforceable Australian laws.
What is the incorporation of human rights into domestic law?
Despite Australia having laws criminalising forced marriage, Ruqia Haidari’s case revealed this ongoing challenge in enforcement and victim protection.
What is the limited effectiveness of legal responses in preventing forced marriage?
This right ensures that all people, regardless of background, have access to schooling, and is essential for personal and societal developmen
What is universal education?
While the UDHR is a declaration, these two covenants are legally binding for countries that have ratified them.
What are the ICCPR and ICESCR?
Organisations like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch report on human rights abuses and advocate for global change
Give an example of non-government organisations for Human Rights?
Some argue this legal reform would better protect Australians’ rights, while others believe existing laws already provide enough protection.
What is a Charter of Rights?
This Australian federal law requires large companies to report on the risks of modern slavery in their operations and supply chains.
What is the Modern Slavery Act 2018 (Cth)?
This principle allows groups to govern themselves without outside interference and is especially relevant for Indigenous and colonised peoples.
What is self-determination?
These international documents have shaped the global understanding of human rights by setting out civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, influencing national laws and international cooperation.
How has the intenational Bill of Human Rights contributed to the devlopment of Human Rights
An example of these international legal bodies is the International Criminal Court (ICC), which prosecutes individuals for crimes such as genocide and crimes against humanity.
Give an exmaple of a Human Rights court, tribunals, and independent statutory authorities?
An example of these bodies is the Australian Human Rights Commission, which can hear discrimination cases and provide remedies such as compensation or injunctions to enforce human rights.
What are courts and tribunals?
this section of the Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth), which criminalises forced marriage.
What is Division 270.7A of the Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth)?