Digestive & Excretory Systems
What is the start of the Digestive System?
The mouth where you chew.
What are the main jobs of the skeletal system? (list three)
What are the main organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems that directly work together?
heart and lungs
What does the central nervous system include? (list two things)
brain and spinal cord
How many bones does the average adult have?
206 bones
This organ is filled with acids to break down the food.
Stomach
List five types of bone shapes.
1) long bone
2) short bones
3) sesamoid bones
4) flat bones
5) irregular bones
What is the tube that carries air; sometimes called the windpipe?
Trachea
A nerve cell that specializes in receiving and conducting electrical impulses.
Neuron
What is the muscle in the respiratory system which causes hiccups?
Diaphragm
What is the main organ of the excretory system and their main job.
Kidneys; filter your blood, removing metabolic waste products, extra water, and excess minerals to create urine.
OR
Kidneys; filters urea from blood and forms urine.
Name two types of marrow in spongy bone tissue and any details about the makeup of the marrows.
What is the main chemical blood receives from the lungs that the heart then pumps to the rest of the body?
oxygen
An elongated extension of a nerve cell that carries impulses away from the body of the cell.
Axon
Muscle contraction is helped by what major mineral?
Calcium
List three other parts of the excretory system (other than kidneys).
liver, ureter, bladder
What are the two main categories of bones? List at least two examples for each.
What is the difference between the larynx and the pharyx?
The pharynx (throat) part of both the digestive and respiratory tracts; helps push food to the esophagus and air to the lungs.
The larynx (voice box) separates the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Air passes through the larynx on its way to the lungs.
What is the main job of the endocrine system?
releases hormones;
controls nearly all processes in the body such as metabolism, emotions, immune response, growth and development
How many times does the average adult's heart pump in a day (or per minute)?
Per Minute: 60 to 100 beats (resting heart rate)
Per Day: Around 100,000 beats, pumping about 2,000 gallons (7,570 liters) of blood.
What is the difference in the job of the small intestine versus the large intestine?
Small intestine sends nutrients into the bloodstream.
Large intestine takes remaining water and minerals out of the leftover food.
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles? Give one example of each.
Voluntary; a person has to think about moving these muscles. ex: skeletal muscles (legs, arms, etc.)
Involuntary; muscles work automatically without a person thinking about them. ex: smooth muscles (inside organs); cardiac muscles (heart muscles)
What is the difference between the job of arteries and veins?
In the Nervous System Lab, why was their a difference between the rate catching the yardstick with arms stretched out versus only using index finger and thumb?
Ultimately, because nerve impulses travel at a finite speed, increasing the physical distance the signal must travel directly translates to a higher drop distance on the yardstick (meaning a slower reaction time).
When your arms are fully stretched out away from your body, the signals responsible for motor movement have to travel a physically longer distance through your nerves (from the brain down the full length of the extended arm to your fingers).
How long does it take for the stomach to digest food on average?
40 minutes to 2 hours