Wellbeing
What is the definition of "human wellbeing" in the context of geography?
Human wellbeing refers to the overall quality of life and satisfaction experienced by individuals and communities within a geographical area. It encompasses physical, social, economic, and psychological dimensions.
Identify one social indicator of wellbeing.
Social indicator example: literacy rate.
Explain how access to education influences wellbeing outcomes.
Education improves employment and health outcomes.
Outline the relationship between conflict and wellbeing in developing countries.
Conflict reduces safety, healthcare, and economic stability.
Name three acronyms we regularly use in Geography.
BOLTSS (Border, Orientation, Legend, Title, Scale, Source), development categories such as HICs (High-Income Countries) and LICs (Low-Income Countries), SHEEPT, PQE etc.
Outline the difference between GDP and GNI
GDP measures total economic output; GNI includes income from abroad.
How does the HDI differentiate between developed and developing countries?
The HDI categorizes countries into different development groups based on their HDI scores. Developed countries generally have higher HDI scores (closer to 1), indicating higher levels of human development, while developing countries have lower HDI scores (closer to zero), reflecting lower levels of development.
What is the poverty cycle?
The poverty cycle refers to a self-reinforcing pattern where individuals or families remain trapped in poverty over generations.
Name two contemporary conflicts the geographers could study
Syria, Palestine etc
Geo data: You have created a scatter graph where one variable is increasing while one is decreasing. The majority of your points sit close to the line of best fit. What relationship is this?
Strong Negative Correlation
How can economic factors influence human wellbeing in a region?
Economic factors, such as income levels, employment opportunities, and access to basic necessities, directly impact human wellbeing. Higher income levels often lead to improved living standards, better access to education and healthcare, and increased overall satisfaction.
What are 3 main components of HDI?
It considers three main components: life expectancy at birth (health), mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling (education), and gross national income per capita (standard of living).
Explain why Nordic countries often rank higher on wellbeing indices than Australia.
Nordic countries have strong welfare systems and democratic socialism
Discuss the effectiveness of international aid in improving wellbeing.
Aid effectiveness depends on governance and sustainability.
Name the region with the highest HDI scores globally.
West Europe
Explain the difference between "subjective wellbeing" and "objective wellbeing."
Subjective wellbeing refers to an individual's personal perception of their own happiness and life satisfaction. Objective wellbeing, on the other hand, involves measurable indicators such as income, access to healthcare, education, and other factors that contribute to a person's quality of life.
Discuss the limitations of using life expectancy as a measure of wellbeing?
Life expectancy ignores quality of life and inequality.
Discuss the role of systemic factors in maintaining the poverty cycle.
Discrimination, unequal access to opportunities, and inadequate social services can reinforce the poverty cycle. Marginalized groups often face barriers in education, employment, and healthcare, making it harder for them to escape poverty.
Discuss how colonial history has influenced global wellbeing patterns.
Colonisation led to resource extraction and underdevelopment.
Geo Data: What is a trend?
This is a pattern that is found occurring over a particular time frame – upwards and downwards trend.
Explain inflation.
•Inflation - is an increase in the general level of prices paid for goods and services over a certain period of time.
•Usually measured annually but is also reported quarterly. Report as a % of change.
•An increase in inflation means consumers are paying more for the same goods or services (Big Mac example).
How can the Human Development Index (HDI) be used as a tool for policy-making and international comparisons?
The HDI serves as a valuable tool for policy-makers to assess the effectiveness of development strategies and allocate resources more efficiently. By identifying areas of improvement in health, education, and income, governments can prioritize initiatives that address specific shortcomings.
Explain how lack of access to quality education contributes to the poverty cycle.
Lack of access to quality education can hinder skill development and limit economic opportunities. Without education, individuals are more likely to be stuck in low-paying jobs with limited prospects for advancement. As a result, their children may also face barriers to education, continuing the cycle.
Name 3 long term effects of conflict?
1. Ongoing war
2. Generational trauma
3. Lack of trust in government
4. Lack of basic resources e.g. clean water
Discrimination against cultural groups
Geo data: What is the purpose of creating a population pyramid?
A population pyramid is useful to represent the breakdown of the population by gender and age at a given point in time. Can indicate development and historical events impacting particular groups.