Demographics
What is the term for the total number of people living in a place?
Population
In which economic system do businesses mainly operate for profit with limited government control?
Free market economy
During which century did the Black Death strike Europe?
14th century
Which West African empire became famous for its wealth in gold?
Mali Empire
What is the term for people moving from one country to another?
Migration (or immigration/emigration depending on direction)
What is a census?
An official count of a population
What is the name of an economic system that combines private businesses with government involvement?
Mixed economy
What disease caused the Black Death?
Bubonic plague
Who was the famous ruler of Mali known for his pilgrimage to Mecca?
Mansa Musa
What was the main purpose of salt in West African trade before refrigeration?
Preserving food
What do we call the number of babies born per 1,000 people each year?
Birth rate
In a command economy, who makes most major economic decisions?
The government/state
What animal commonly carried the fleas that spread the disease?
Rats
What important trade route helped West African empires become wealthy?
Trans-Saharan trade routes
Which social class suffered the highest death rates during the Black Death: peasants, nobles, or clergy?
Clergy often suffered very high death rates because they cared for the sick
A country has more people under 15 than over 65. What type of population structure does it have?
A youthful/young population
What is one advantage of a free market economy?
Examples: innovation, competition, consumer choice, efficiency
Name one major effect the Black Death had on European society.
Examples: population decline, labor shortages, higher wages, social change
Name two major goods traded across the Sahara.
Examples: gold, salt, ivory, slaves, textiles
In a free market economy, what determines the price of most goods and services?
Supply and demand
Explain one challenge a country may face if its population is rapidly ageing.
Examples: labor shortages, higher healthcare costs, increased pension spending
A country provides free healthcare and education but allows private businesses to operate. What type of economic system is this, and why?
Mixed economy because it combines government services with private enterprise
Why did many peasants gain greater bargaining power after the Black Death?
Because labor became scarce after millions died, making workers more valuable
Compare the sources of wealth of the Ghana and Mali Empires.
Both benefited from trade; Ghana controlled gold and trade routes, while Mali controlled gold fields and expanded trade networks across West Africa
Explain why both the Black Death and the Trans-Saharan trade routes had major impacts on population patterns.
The Black Death dramatically reduced populations, while trade routes encouraged migration, settlement, and the growth of cities.