CIVIL WAR
What was the Civil War?
A war in the 1860s between the Union (Northern States) and Confederacy (Southern States) over slavery and states' rights. The North won.
The Emancipation Proclamation
An order issued by Abraham Lincoln to end slavery
Who was Emmitt Till?
A 14 year old black boy who was murdered in Mississippi. His gruesome death shocked the nation and helped spark the Civil Rights Movement. The killers were found not guilty.
September 12, 1958
On this day, the Governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubas decided to close all high schools in Little Rock in order to prevent integration
What is an example of passing?
in the book, Liz is able to pass as white because she has very light skin
What were the main causes of the Civil War?
Disagreement over slavery, states' rights, and economic issues. Southern states wanted to protect slavery and expand to new states.
A holiday that celebrates when slaves in Texas learned they were free, which came after slavery was ended.
What is Juneteenth?
A Supreme Court Case that desegregated public schools
What is BROWN VS THE BOARD OF EDUCATION?
The Governor of Arkansas who tried to prevent integration
Who is Governor Orval Faubas?
What is redlining?
When black families are forced to live in certain neighborhoods and cannot move to certain white areas. Liz's family has limits on where they can live.
What was Reconstruction?
It was the period of time after the Civil War where the country tried to rebuild the South. The government tried to protect the rights of former slaves by passing new amendments.
What is segregation
When people are separated based on race. After the Civil War, southern states enacted segregation policies that kept black and white people apart in schools, busses and other public places
Who were the Little Rock Nine
they were the first black people to be allowed to integrate the schools in Littler Rock, Arkansas in 1957 against the wishes of the Governor.
What did the book have to say about the integration of public schools?
the book showed how dangerous and difficult school integration was. The book highlights the courage it took for young people and families to stand up for equality and do what was right
What is COINTELPRO?
it stands for Counter Intelligence Program, which was run by the FBI to monitor and disrupt the Black Panther Party and other Civil Rights organizations.
What was the 13th amendment?
It was a new amendment to the Constitution that ended slavery and freed 4 million people from slavery
Integration
When white and black people were allowed to do the same thing, like go to the same school
What was the Tulsa Race Massacre
A violent attack in the Greenwood neighborhood of Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1921. This was a wealthy black community and hundreds of people were killed and business were burned down.
What is an example from the book of a dynamic character?
Marlee is a dynamic character. She is shy at first and doesn't want to speak up, but when she becomes friends with Liz, she finds her courage. By the end, she is brave. Marlee's mom is also an example.
Who were the Black Panthers?
A political group founded in the 1960s to fight police brutality and protect black communities
The main differences between the North and the South
The north was led by Abraham Lincoln. It had more people and a bigger economy. The South was led by Jefferson Davis and was more agricultural based. They disagreed about slavery. The South relied on slave labor.
What are Jim Crow Laws
State and local laws in the South that enforced segregation, like requiring black and white kids to go to separate schools and use separate bathrooms. They also tried to prevent black people from voting.
What was the 16th Street Bombing?
In 1963, the 16th Street Church in Birmingham, Alabama was bombed by the KKK killing 4 black girls. This also shocked the nation and helped build support for the Civil Rights movement.
What is an example of a static character?
Sally opposes integration throughout and doesn't change her views. Liz is also an example as she is brave throughout