Transmissions
"an infectious agent is transferred from a reservoir to a susceptible host by DIRECT contact or droplet spread"(2020, CDC).
What is Direct Transmission?
"to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs"(IWH,2020).
What is Primary Prevention?
"a set of standard criteria for classifying whether a person has a particular disease, syndrome, or other health condition"
What is the definition of Case?
"an epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people"(WHO).
What is Pandemic?
"an individual with no overt disease who harbors infectious organisms"
What is the definition of a Carrier?
"type of transmission when there is no direct human-to-human contact"(2020, Healthline)
What is Indirect Transmission?
"preventive measures that lead to early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease, illness, or injury. As well as preventing it from getting worst"(Healthlink).
What is Secondary Prevention?
"infectious diseases that spread from human to human, and refers to the person who first brings a disease into a group of people, a school class, community, or country"(CDC).
What is the definition of a Primary Case?
"a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time"
What is an Epidemic?
"carriers who have recovered from their illness but remain capable of transmitting to others"
What is a Convalescent Carrier?
"Infections transmitted by the bite of an infected arthropod species, such as mosquitoes, ticks, triatomine bugs, sandflies, and blackflies"(ECDC).
What is Vectorborne Transmission?
"the focus on people who are already affected by a disease. The goal to improve quality of life by reducing disability, limiting or delaying complications as well as restoring functions"(HealthLink).
What is Tertiary Prevention?
"A person who gets a disease from exposure to a person with the disease, or primary case"
What is a Secondary Case?
a disease or condition belonging or native to a particular people or certain area
What is an Endemic?
"individuals who have been exposed to and harbor a pathogen and who can spread the disease at different places or intervals"
What is an Intermittent carrier?
"an indirect transmission process during which the pathogen is indirectly transferred from a reservoir, source, or host to another host by inanimate intermediary vehicle objects"(PTRANS).
What is Vehicle-borne Transmission?
Screening, Early Diagnosis, Prompt Treatment, and Disability Limitations
What are some examples of Secondary level Prevention?
levels of no clinical signs and symptoms... no laboratory evidence
What is an example of a Suspected case?
"a devastating global epidemic of a plague that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s. The number of estimated deaths that were reported was 75,000,000 through 200,000,000 deaths. Symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, fever, chills, headaches, fatigue, and muscle aches"
What is the Bubonic Plague?
"carriers who can transmit the agent during the incubation period before the clinical illness begins"
What is an Incubatory Carrier?
"transfer of pathogens from an infected host or a contaminated substrate host, where a biological association between the pathogen and the vector is not necessary"(Springer).
What is Mechanical Transmission?
to maintain and improve general individual, family, and then community health
What is the main focus of primary prevention?
"indicates the sources of the disease, the possible spread, and which reservoir holds the disease in-between outbreaks"... the first patient that indicates the existence of an outbreak
What is an Index Case?
"A plague that had affected multiple countries such as Greece, Libya, Egypt, and Ethiopia in 429-426 BC. It was possibly reported as typhus, typhoid fever, or viral hemorrhagic fever"
What was the Plague of Athens?
Transmitting the disease without showing manifestations
What is an Asymptomatic Carrier?