WIND SPEED & GUSTS
This type of wind speed causes the most structural damage during hurricanes
What is a 3-second gust?
This equation is used to adjust wind speed with height above ground.
What is the power law equation?
This quantity measures how much wind speed fluctuates about the mean.
What is turbulence intensity?
This equation gives dynamic wind pressure as a function of wind speed.
What is q = (1/2)ρV^2?
Hurricanes require ocean temperatures of at least this value.
What is 80°F?
This curve is used to convert mean hourly wind speed to 3- second gust speed?
What is the Durst Curve
Wind speeds increase with height primarily because surface ____ decreases.
What is friction?
What is decrease?
Wind pressure increases with the ______ of wind speed.
What is the square?
This atmospheric condition inhibits hurricane formation when strong.
What is wind shear?
If the mean hourly wind speed is measured at 75 mph, this value represents the stronger wind engineers use for design.
What is the gust wind speed?
A 3-second gust of 110 mph is measured at 33 ft. Estimate the gust wind speed at 80 ft over open terrain.
What is ~123 mph?
Estimate the turbulence intensity at 65 m over open terrain
(assume z₀ = 0.03 m)
What is ~0.13-0.14?
This aerodynamic effect causes roofs to experience uplift during hurricanes.
What is negative pressure (suction) over the roof?
Hurricanes cannot form at the equator due to lack of this force.
What is the Coriolis effect?
Engineers do not design for mean wind speed because structural failure is controlled by this type of wind behavior
What are peak gust loads?
What is open terrain?
At weight height over open terrain would a turbulence intensit of 0.14 occur.
What is approximately 60-70 m ?
What are breached or broken?
Hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones differ only by this factor.
What is location?
Structural design requires mean hourly wind speeds to be converted to this value.
What is the 3-second gust wind speed?
In the power law equation, the exponent α depends on this environmental factor.
What is terrain roughness/type?
This wind characteristic is more important for structural design because it governs peak gust loads rather than average winds speed.
What is turbulence intensity?
What are external and internal pressure coefficients?
What are warm and cold fronts?