The English might be speaking French or the French, English if the last major one of these periods hadn't ended about 12,000 years ago
ice age
The deaths of Akhenaten & possibly of a little-known co-regent named Smenkhkare brought this boy king to the throne
King Tut
In Utah this river empties into the Great Salt Lake, not the Dead Sea
the River Jordan
On Jan. 1, 1898 New York City was consolidated into 5 of these & Brooklyn Mayor Frederick Wurster was out of a job
boroughs
At the 1014 Battle of Clontarf, tribal chief Brian Boru & his forces delivered a historic blow to these seafarers & their allies
the Vikings
In 1755 Elizabeth Petrovna, daughter of this czar, established Moscow State University
Peter the Great
Millard Fillmore ended up in the Oval Office when this predecessor died 5 days after consuming a lot of cherries & iced milk
Zachary Taylor
U2 found what they were looking for--it's this California National Park near Palm Springs
Joshua Tree
Issued in the Trump interregnum, it's a blueprint for the GOP's return to power including a 900-page "mandate for leadership"
Project 2025
"An Gorta Mór" in Irish Gaelic, this devastating 19th century event reduced Ireland's population by as much as 25%
the Potato Famine
This Prussian who united many states became Germany's first chancellor in 1871
Bismarck
The leave referendum got David Cameron to resign, Boris Johnson bailed, so she took up the mantle as UK prime minister
Theresa May
It was originally proposed that this capital be called Missouriopolis
Jefferson City
***TRIPLE STUMPER***
Timber management is done by this service founded in 1905, before which people hacked merrily away at trees on federal land
the U.S. Forest Service
***TRIPLE STUMPER***
the U.S. Forestry Dept.
To ancient Greek & Roman geographers, Ireland was known as this, meaning "land of winter"
Hibernia
***TRIPLE STUMPER***
Site of the first Ottoman conquest in Europe in 1356, this peninsula was assaulted by a combined Allied force in 1915
Gallipoli
Some springtime stabbing of his great-uncle & adoptive father set him up as heir; then he just had to deal with Mark Antony
Octavian (Augustus)
***TRIPLE STUMPER***
Julius CaeserIt's the most populous U.S. city that begins with "J"
Jacksonville
This New England state of about 1.4 million has the biggest legislature of any state, with 424 lawmakers keeping taxes low
New Hampshire
A terminally ill man was the first in Ireland to be granted this, narrowly approved in a 1995 vote--it's not euthanasia
divorce
***TRIPLE STUMPER***
Starting with Yekuno Amlak in 1270, the Solomonic dynasty ruled this African nation with a few interruptions until the 20th century
Ethiopia
Charles I was executed, the future Charles II was exiled & this man became lord protector in 1653
Cromwell
A plot at Grandview Cemetery contains the graves of 777 unidentified victims of the catastrophic 1889 flood in this Pennsylvania city
Johnstown
***TRIPLE STUMPER***
In 2023, this New Yorker became the Democratic leader in the House of Representatives
Hakeem Jeffries
Sharing his name with an Apollo astronaut, this man helped negotiate the 1921 treaty that established the Irish Free State
Michael Collins
***TRIPLE STUMPER***