What's in the water?
What are the two most abundant elements in the ocean?
Hydrogen and Oxygen (H2O)
About what percentage of Earth is covered by water?
About 71%
This is the zone where sunlight can penetrate (down to about 200 meters)
Surface Zone
This movement of the ocean is caused by the gravitational pull by the moon and sun on Earth's waters...
Tides
Every time you've ever been to the beach, what part of the ocean floor are you standing on - even if you're wading or swimming in the water?
Continental Shelf
Reefs are made of limestone, which comes from...
Name the largest ocean.
Pacific
What word means 'the amount of salts in an amount of water'?
Salinity
What is the most abundant salt in ocean water?
Sodium Chloride
NaCl
About what percentage of Earth's water is Oceans?
about 97%
This is the zone of rapid temperature change...from relatively warm to very cold.
Thermocline Zone
When warm and cold waters mix, these are created. Some occur near the surface, while others move beneath the surface.
Currents
What is the flat, desolate bottom of the ocean called?
Abyssal Plains
This type of reef would surround an older island, without touching the island itself...
Barrier reef
Name the smallest Ocean.
Arctic
Jimmy says that the Earth is made of 71% water. Is Jimmy right? If not, how could you correct him?
Jimmy, the Earth is COVERED by 71% water. Get it together, man!
Tell two ways that salts get from the ground into the ocean.
1) Erosion by water and wind
2) Sediment carried by rivers into oceans
3) Volcanoes/Hydrothermal Vents/Earthquakes
Where is most of Earth's fresh water?
Ice/Glaciers at the poles
This is the zone where algae and sea plants could live.
Surface Zone (sunlight for photosynthesis)
Wind and Earth movements could send energy travelling through the water. We would call this energy...
Waves
These look like 'Frankenstein' mountains - their tops are flat, like Frankenstein's head...
Guyots
This type of 'circular' reef could be found atop a guyot...
Which ocean is not mentioned in your text book (which is 22 years old)?
Southern
When showing the class where the Earth's fresh water was distributed around the globe, Mr. Carney poured water into containers marked ice, groundwater, atmosphere, soil, lakes, and rivers. However, there was actually another place where fresh water needed to go. What would you mark on the last container?
Plants, Animals, or both
Name the two most abundant gases found in ocean water.
Nitrogen and Oxygen
There is only one way fresh water can get 'into' groundwater...what is that?
Melting from a glacier.
This is the coldest, deepest, and darkest zone.
The Deep zone
How do we indirectly get fresh water from the oceans?
Water Cycle
When the edges of continents push together and 'crumple up', it creates these....
Ridges or Rift Valleys
This type of coral reef actually touches a young island...
Fringing reef
Which ocean is closest to us in Pennsylvania?
Atlantic
When Mr. Carney mixed salt into warm and cold water, the warm water held more salt than the cold. When it began piling-up at the bottom of the glass container, what type of solution was it?
A Saturated Solution
Ocean water is a mixture of ______ and _______ that are _______________ in fresh water.
salts, gases, dissolved
How could you tell the difference between an ocean and a sea?
Seas are smaller and mostly (or completely) surrounded by land.
Even though water in the deep zone is cold enough to freeze, why doesn't it?
The salt prevents it from freezing and freezing can't occur when water is moving.
If you had to pick one ocean floor feature to PROVE that water erodes rock, over time, which one would you pick?
Guyot - flat top proves that that the rest of the island was eroded away, long ago.
This is the deepest ocean trench (in the middle of the Pacific Ocean) known to scientists.
Mariana Trench
This special type of water feature can be found inside of an atoll...
A. bay B. lagoon C. sea D. whirlpool
B. Lagoon
Animals that live in the Arctic or Southern oceans are often larger than their same species cousins nearer the tropics or equator. Why? (It has something to do with what Arctic/Southern waters can hold better than tropical/equatorial water)
Colder water holds gases better - more oxygen means they grow larger.
When ancient explorers sailed from Europe to the 'new world', which type of water current was most responsible for delivering them to the Americas?
Warm....cold currents wouldn't travel toward the surface!