Primary Prevention
What is the main goal of primary prevention of non-communicable diseases?
To prevent the disease from occurring by reducing risk factors.
Name one lifestyle habit that helps prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Regular physical activity
What does early detection mean in secondary prevention?
Finding a disease at an early, asymptomatic stage.
Name one screening test used to detect diabetes early.
Fasting blood glucose test.
What is the main purpose of tertiary prevention?
To reduce complications, disability, and improve quality of life.
How does regular physical activity help prevent non-communicable diseases?
It controls weight, improves metabolism, and reduces cardiovascular risk.
Why is smoking cessation considered primary prevention?
Because it removes a major risk factor before disease develops.
Why are regular blood pressure checks important in secondary prevention?
They help detect hypertension early and prevent complications.
At what stage of disease does secondary prevention work best?
At the early or asymptomatic stage.
How does physiotherapy help patients after a stroke?
It improves mobility, strength, and independence.
Explain the role of healthy diet in preventing atherosclerosis.
It reduces cholesterol levels and prevents plaque formation.
How does reducing salt intake prevent hypertension?
it lowers blood pressure by reducing fluid retention.
How does cancer screening reduce mortality rates?
By detecting cancer early when treatment is more effective.
Explain the role of early diagnosis in preventing complications of diabetes.
Early control prevents kidney, eye, and nerve damage.
How does cardiac rehabilitation improve quality of life after myocardial infarction?
It improves heart function, exercise tolerance, and mental health.
Describe population-based strategies used for primary prevention of NCDs.
Health education, tobacco control laws, promoting healthy diets and physical activity.
How do vaccination programs indirectly help in preventing some non-communicable diseases?
They prevent infections that can later cause chronic diseases (e.g., HPV → cancer)
Explain the importance of screening programs in high-risk populations
They allow early detection and reduce severe complications.
How does early treatment of hypertension prevent organ damage?
It protects the heart, kidneys, brain, and blood vessels.
Explain how tertiary prevention reduces disability in chronic respiratory diseases.
Through medication, oxygen therapy, and pulmonary rehabilitation.
. Analyze the role of health education in reducing the global burden of NCDs
It promotes healthy behaviors and reduces exposure to risk factors.
How do socioeconomic factors influence the effectiveness of primary prevention?
Income, education, and access to healthcare affect healthy lifestyle choices.
Evaluate the impact of national screening programs on public health outcomes.
They reduce mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs.
. Discuss ethical issues related to mass screening in secondary prevention.
Overdiagnosis, false positives, privacy, and informed consent.
Assess the role of multidisciplinary care in tertiary prevention of chronic diseases.
It provides comprehensive management and improves outcomes.