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Trials
Complications
Treatment and Monitoring
Medications
100
In the ACCORD trial, the blood pressure goal for standard therapy was ___ and ___ for intensive therapy
What is <140mmHg, <120mmHg
100
Cardiovascular disease is considered a ____ complication
What is macrovascular
100
In general, pharmacotherapy should be initiated at a blood pressure of ___
What is >140/90
100
These two classes of medications have been shown to reduce the risk of nephropathy
What is ACEi & ARBs
200
In the ACCORD trial, this was defined as the primary composite outcome
What is fatal/non-fatal cardiovascular event
200
Retinopathy & nephropathy are considered ____ complications
What is microvascular
200
First line pharmacological therapy for patients with diabetes and hypertension
What is ACEi & ARBs
200
These are two medications that can increase blood pressure
What is NSAIDs, contraceptives, decongestants, amphetamines, etc.
300
In the ADVANCE trial, patients were given a combination of _____ and ______
What is perindopril and indapamide
300
This disease state is a major risk factor for CVD and microvascular complications, and is often the result of underlying nephropathy
What is hypertension
300
Blood pressure should be measured at ______
What is every routine doctor visit
300
These two common class of drugs are known to cause fetal damage in pregnant women
What is ACEi & ARBs
400
Per the ACCORD trial, patients with T2DM and CVD risk with a more aggressive SBP goal did not have improved ______
What is major cardiovascular events
400
Patients have a lower risk of this complication involving albumin with intensive therapy
What is macroalbuminuria
400
List three lifestyle modifications recommended for a Diabetic patient with hypertension
What is diet (DASH diet, decreased sodium, increased potassium), moderation of alcohol intake, increased physical activity.
400
Multiple-drug therapy is often required to achieve blood pressure targets. These are two second-line classes that can be used.
What is CCB & Thiazides
500
The ADVANCE trial demonstrated that combination of the ACE inhibitor perindopril and the diuretic indapamide reduced these three outcomes.
What is microvascular complications, macrovascular complications, death from CV complications
500
There is greater protection against this microvascular complication with more intensive therapy and a lower BP goal
What is retinopathy
500
These 2 lab values should be monitored with the use of any ACEi, ARB, or diuretic
What is sCr/eGFR and serum potassium
500
Three antihypertensive medications that are known to be safe and effective in pregnant women
What is methyldopa, labetalol, diltiazem, clonidine, prazosin