REALITY Check
This philosopher argued that reality consists of unchanging forms or ideas.
Who is Plato?
This philosopher’s "method of doubt" led to the famous conclusion, "I think, therefore I am.
Who is Réné Descartes?
This thinker wrote Leviathan, arguing for a strong central authority to avoid the "state of nature...nasty, brutish, and short."
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
The normative theory that actions are morally right if they promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number.
What is utilitarianism?
This Greek philosopher was sentenced to death for "corrupting the youth."
Who is Socrates?
The belief that only physical matter exists and that everything can be explained in terms of material interactions
The idea that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience.
What is empiricism?
John Locke argued that people have these three natural rights.
What are life, liberty, and property?
This doctrine, originating from thinkers like Augustine and Aquinas, outlines moral principles for engaging in and conducting war
What is just war theory?
In Greek mythology, he was condemned to an eternal punishment of rolling a boulder up a hill, only for it to roll back down, symbolizing futility and absurdity.
Who is Sisyphus?
This existentialist famously declared: "God is dead"
Who is Nietzsche?
The philosopher associated with the concept of a "blank slate" (tabula rasa).
Who is John Locke?
This Renaissance thinker envisioned an ideal society in his work Utopia, where private property is abolished, and harmony is maintained through communal living and rational governance.
Who is Thomas More?
This philosopher’s "virtue ethics" focuses on achieving eudaimonia through virtuous living.
Who is Aristotle?
The Allegory of the Cave appears in this philosophical work.
What is Plato's Republic?
This philosophy states that reality is mentally constructed or immaterial.
What is idealism?
This term refers to knowledge that is independent of experience.
What is "a priori" knowledge?
Marx believed that history is shaped by the conflict between these two classes.
Who are the "oppressed" and "oppressors"; the "proletariat" and the "bourgeoisie"; "workers"/"owners"?
This normative theory argues that morality is based on following universal principles and duties rather than consequences.
What is deontology?
This fallacy occurs when someone attacks the person making an argument rather than addressing the argument itself.
What is "ad hominem" fallacy?
He said: "Esse est percipi"
Who is George Berkeley?
He claimed that we can never know if causation exists because it isn't connected to the senses.
Who is David Hume?
Nietzsche’s concept of the individual who creates their own values in the absence of traditional morality.
Who is the Übermensch or Overman?
Kant's ethical principle that one should act according to a maxim that can be universalized.
What is the categorical imperative?
This type of reasoning moves from specific observations to general conclusions
What is inductive?