In cell communications, what is an example of a distant communicator.
What is Hormones
100
Chemical molecules from the environment and other cells that bind to cellular receptors are called:
What is Messenger molecules, ligands, signal molecules
100
When does the transduction pathway stop?
When the signal 9messenger molecule) is no longer present
100
What are the 2 cell-to-cell forms of communication?
Hint: one is between animal cells and one is between plant cells.
Gap Junctions (animals) and Plasmodesmata (plants)
100
Cells must have the proper signal/messenger molecule receptor system ?before a signal/messenger molecule can elicit a ?
What is Response
200
Most plasma membrane receptors are
What is Proteins
200
The addition of a phosphate to another molecule is called:
What is Phosphorylation
200
A common method of signal transduction is:
What is protein phosphorylation
200
Activation of G-protein is
What is Temporary
200
Which side of the cells membrane are G-proteins found?
What is Cytoplasmic side
300
What binds to a G-protein to activate it?
What is GTP
300
Kinase does what?
What is Breaks down ATP
300
What are the 3 steps involved in cellular communication?
Messenger molecule binding to it's receptor
Transduction pathway
Cellular response
300
The binding of a messenger molecule to it's membrane receptor is ?
What is Temporary
300
What is the name of the molecule that hydrolyzes GTP to GDP
What is GTPase
400
Which of the three membrane receptor families is a dimer?
What is Tyrosine kinase receptors
400
Does phosphorylation serve to activate or inactivate an enzyme?
Phosphorylation can do either one.
400
The binding of what molecule inactivates a G-protein?
What is GDP
400
What is the name of the molecule which facilitates the ?transfer of phosphate from ATP to other ?proteins some of which may be enzymes
What is a Protein Kinase
400
Can a receptor be intracellular?
Yes, if the messenger molecule is lipid soluble.
500
Are ion-channel receptors specific or non-specific for ions?
What is Specific
500
Does the messenger molecule move along the transduction pathway?
No. It's purpose is to bind to it's receptor. The receptor changes shape to activate the first step in the transduction pathway. The messenger molecule is broken down after it binds to it's receptor.
500
What are the 2 examples of local regulators we talked about.
What is Paracrine and Synaptic
500
Cytoplasmic protein kinases facilitate the ?transfer of phosphate from -?- to other ?proteins some of which may be enzymes
What is ATP
500
These molecules can reverse the ?effects of protein kinases