EKG
How much time does one box represent?
0.04 seconds
How do you calculate atrial rate?
number of p waves (in 6 sec) x 10 = atrial rate
How do you treat A-Flutter?
electric cardioversion, radiofrequency ablation, cryogenic, and pharmacological agents
How NOT to treat AIVR?
NO ANTIARYTHMICS or else DEATH
What amount of blood loss leads to a dx of a massive upper gi hemorrhage?
1500 ml or more
.12 - .20
What are the 8 assessment criteria?
P wave, atrial rate and rhythm, P-R interval, ventricular rate and rhythm, QRS complex, ST segment, Q-T interval, and T wave
How do you treat A-fib?
amiodarone
electric cardioversion
anticoagulation
radiofrequency ablation
cryo
V-fib tx?
IMMEDIATE CPR and ALS.
defibrillation
epi, vasopressors, and amiodarone
What is the nursing management for GI bleeds?
CVP line or PAC readings Q1-2 hrs
approach in a calm manner
observe old ppl and pt w/ hx of CV probs closely
if bolusing, look for s/sx of p edema -> elevate HOB and listen to lung sounds
warning signs of shock may be masked by drugs
What is the normal QRS range?
< .12
Treatment of sinus bradycardia?
Atropine
Pacemaker
Dopamine
Epi
Isoproterenol
Stop offending drugs
cardioversion
asystole tx?
CPR, ACLS, epinephrine, and intubation
What is the normal QT range?
.36 - .40
Sinus Tachycardia; what is it caused by, what is the rhythm rate, and how do we treat it?
vagal inhibition and sympathetic stimulation
100-150 bpm
tx: guided by cause, vagal maneuver, beta blockers, synchronized cardioversion
Vtach w/o pulse?
defibrillation
PEA tx?
CPR, intubation, IV epi
How do you calculate ventricular rate?
number of QRS waves (in 6 sec) x 10 = ventricular rate
How do you treat PSVT?
- vagal stimulation
- IV adenosine/ IV beta blocker
- Ca channel blockers
- amiodarone
- DC cardioversion
Torsades de Pointes tx?
amiodarone, defibrillation, fix electrolyte imbalance
What is the difference between chronic and acute DIC?
You treat them differently, chronic cannot be treated with anticoagulants, but can be treated with heparin
Acute- due to the consumption and inhibition of clotting factors
Chronic- due to over compensated production of clotting factors and platelets