Explain what happens to a molecule when it is digested.
The molecule is broken down into smaller pieces or monomers
100
How do enzymes affect chemical reactions?
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions
100
What is a common nucleic acid (from a previous unit) and where is it found?
DNA; in the nucleus of a cell
100
When amino acids go through synthesis, what type of macromolecule is produced?
Proteins (peptides)
100
What color does a starch indicator (iodine) turn when there is starch present?
Blue-black or dark green
200
What is the name of the process where a cell attaches smaller molecules (monomers) in a chain to make a larger molecule (polymer)?
The process is digestion
200
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions (why does this happen)
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions because they reduce the energy needed for them to take place
200
Name 2 foods that are high in carbohydrates
Breads, pasta, rice, potatoes, grains, cornstarch, fruit, etc.
200
When starch or another carbohydrate are broken down, what molecules are produced?
Glucose or simple sugars
200
What happens to a red onion cell when it is placed in salt water? (Same as what happens to an egg when it is placed in corn syrup?)
Water diffuses out and the cytoplasm shrinks. The cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall.
300
What are two examples of chemical reactions in a cell?
Digestion and synthesis (respiration and photosynthesis are also acceptable)
300
What two factors affect how well an enzyme works?
Temperature and pH
300
Name the 4 categories of organic molecules
Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates
300
What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer?
Monomers- smaller, building blocks, subunits
Polymers- longer, chains, many attached to make one
300
How does fresh pineapple affect Jell-O?
It causes the Jell-O to turn to liquid
400
What is a cell's metabolism?
Metabolism is the sum of all the reactions in a cell
400
Why is the shape of an enzyme important
Enzymes and substrates fit together based on their shape
400
What 2 elements are always found in organic molecules?
Carbon (C) and hydrogen (H)
400
What are the building blocks of lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids
400
What causes the difference between how fresh vs. canned pineapple affect Jell-O?
Pineapple has an enzyme that dissolves the protein (gelatin) in Jell-O. Canned pineapple has been heated, so the enzyme has been denatured and no longer works
500
Explain how homeostasis relates to metabolism:
Homeostasis or equilibrium is a balance of opposite chemical reactions in a cell
500
What is the name of the place on an enzyme where the substrate attaches?
The active site
500
In which category of macromolecules do enzymes fit?
Enzymes are a type of protein
500
What monomers attach to make nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
500
What is the difference between the independent variable and the dependent variable in an experiment?
Independent = what you change, what varies each time
Dependent - what you measure, describes the effect