Cardiac Defect or condition
This condition allows L to R shunting across the atria.
L to R shunting of blood across atrium results in
What is an ASD?
Large defect greatly increases pulmonary blood flow.
Unlike VSD, systemic pressures are not transmitted to pulmonary vasculature
Pulmonary artery pressure may remain normal for many years-may not occur until 30s or 40s
What condition causes fever for over 5 days, cracking of lips, peeling skin around fingers, rash and swollen lymph nodes?
What is Kawasaki's disease?
In DILV, If pulmonary stenosis is absent, infant will have what symptoms?
What are symptoms of pulmonary over-circulation and congestion (Qp:Qs 1.5:1)
This medication keeps the PDA open for systemic circulation.
What is prostaglandin infusion?
This is the first stage of repair for HLHS.
What is the Norwood procedure?
This procedure creates a new, larger aorta and
Name a major risk of Kawasaki's disease
What are coronary aneurysms?
20% of untreated cases can develop coronary aneurisms.
5% of treated cases may develop coronary aneurysms.
Coronary aneurysms predispose the affected coronary system to obstruction, thrombosis and rarely, vessel rupture
Infants with this will condition who have a restrictive or intact atrial septum will be cyanotic and acidotic from a lack of intracardiac mixing.
What is hypoplastic left heart with intact atrial septum?
These infants may also have pulmonary venous abnormalities and have a poor prognosis.
This defect when large can cause atrial arrhythmias, right atrial dilation and tricuspid insufficiency.
What is an ASD?
Right to left shunting can create risk for emboli and stroke
Venous blood is drained from patient and passed
through a lung membrane for gas exchange and
oxygenation and returned via a vein.
What is VV (veno-venous) ECMO?
Name a surgical intervention for DILV.
What is:
1. Surgically palliation by single ventricle approach
2. Augment pulmonary blood flow by modified BT shunt
3. Pulmonary banding if pulmonary stenosis is
absent
4. Possible Glenn procedure, followed by Fontan
What condition occurs when the aortic arch is interrupted between left common carotid and left subclavian artery?
What is IAA? (type B, occurs in 80% of cases)
Name some symptoms of DILV.
What is:
1. Both aorta and PA are connected to LV and are switched.
2. Both atria are connected to LV
in DILV, if pulmonary stenosis is present, what symptoms will be present?
What is more balanced circulation and cyanosis?
This is a modified cardiopulmonary bypass, providing support when cardiac and/or pulmonary systems are failing
What is ECMO?
Surgical mitral valve repair or replacement for patients or balloon valvuloplasty is done for what conditions?
What is mitral valve stenosis?
What is the difference between IAA and COA?
in IAA, the aorta is completely severed.
In COA, the aorta is narrowed in a specific location.
IAA is considered to be a more severe form of coarctation.
When the PDA closes, there is immediate cardiovascular collapse.
What is HLHS or IAA?
What happens to coronary blood flow with IAA?
Due to the nature of blood flow with IAA, coronary perfusion is preserved
Immediate cardiovascular collapse when PDA closes,
need immediate prostaglandins
Need surgical intervention in neonatal period
What medications for Kawaski's disease have been shown to decrease late incidence of coronary aneurisms, especially if given in the first 10 days of illness?
What is IVIG, Aspirin, steroids, anti-platelet agents, anticoagulants, beta blockers
This surgery creates a of lower pressure source of PBF that will grow with patient and reduction of volume burden on the single ventricle. Connects superior vena cava to pulmonary arteries -
allows blood that needs oxygen to go straight to lungs
What is the bidirectional Glenn?
This connects the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta and is part of fetal circulation.
What is the ductus arteriosus? If this does not close and it is large, heart failure can result from pulmonary over circulation and pulmonary hypertension.
Name symptoms of Norwood failure.
Narrowing (stenosis) of the pulmonary arteries or
aorta.
Shunt obstruction or failure.
Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia).
Poor functioning of the heart or the heart valves
Describe the blood flow after the Norwood Procedure.
Systemic and pulmonary venous return mix in common atrium
Blood flows through the AV valve (tricuspid valve in HLHS)
New systemic ventricle pumps blood through the newly constructed “neo-aorta”. Systemic blood flow is provided through neo-aorta
Surgically created shunt provides pulmonary blood flow
This hybrid approach is completed without cardiopulmonary bypass and is considered a hybrid approach to alleviate the need for prostaglandins.
What is a stent placed in DA?
This device is placed on right and left PA to prevent pulmonary over circulation
What are flow restrictors?
The degree of restriction is titrated based on oxygen saturation and direct pressure measurements via trans esophageal echo