Definitions
Improvement in people's standard of living; a change in people's lives for the better over time
What is development
This model has three principles:
'Designing out' waste and pollution
*considering the choice of materials, the production process, and the end of the product's life from the beginning
Keeping products and materials in use
*make products last, through durable design, reuse,
remanufacturing, recycling and the use of bio-based materials.
Regenerating natural systems
*uses renewable resources and works to regenerate resources over time
What is the circular flow model?
*High-income countries use and dispose of more plastic per person
*lower-income countries, up to 80–90% of plastic is not adequately disposed of, so far more of it enters ecosystems
*Poverty and poor waste management systems are correlated
How poverty can result in unsustainable behaviour towards environmental resources?
Ability of an economy to respond to or withstand exogenous shocks* and to continue to function and support thriving communities
What is economic resilience?
This is a multidimensional concept relating to people’s quality of life.
What is economic well-being?
Prosperity (economic well-being), equity, environmental stewardship, good governance
What are the UN's four broad goals for humanity?
Agua Zarca hydroelectric dam project by the company Desarrollos Energéticos S.A. (DESA) in this country came under fire for violating the human rights of the Lenca people, an indigenous community in the region
What is Honduras?
According to the United Nations, the indicator of child marriage (5.3.1) has been declining globally, especially in South Asia, where it decreased by about 25% between 2013 and 2018. In sub-Saharan Africa, child marriage has declined, but at a slower rate. (SDG?)
What is SDG 5: Gender Equality?
Meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
What is sustainable development?
Defines the safe operating space of economic activity within the limits of Earth’s ecological systems
Nine boundary dimensions of Earth system processes
Centre of the model, green 'safe operating space' for human
Economic activity, bounded by the heavy dotted circle.
What is the planetary boundary model?
BioPak makes take-away packaging from renewable plant-based sources. It also offers a collection and composting service to ensure that the packaging does not end up in landfills, but instead makes it back to the soil. This example represents one of the models.
What is the circular flow model?
Belief systems fundamentally more compatible with the goals of sustainable development and far more focused on holistic principles of harmony with nature and other human beings (term in another language)
What is the concept of concept of sumak kawsay ( buen vivir in Spanish) from the Quechua people of the Andes?
The ability of an individual, or systems like forests, cities or economies, to deal with change and continue to develop
What is resilience?
Three elements: environment, society, and the economy
Society and the economy are bound by the natural environment and dependent on it
Environment takes a higher position in the order of the three elements
What are nested hierarchies?
Point in history when significant, continual and simultaneous increases in growth rates occurred across many measures of human activity
What is the Great Acceleration?
The ability of a social group to respond to an environmental or social disturbance by adjusting and continuing to thrive AND humans have modifying Earth’s systems to serve their needs, but this often results in reduced resilience
What are ecological and social resilience?
One mainly focuses on economic growth, another is about how well people can use what they have and their increased freedom and capabilities, and the last looks at what people value most in their own lives. Name all 3.
This model builds on the planetary boundaries model, by adding human dimensions to the Earth system processes
Shows the idea of a safe and just space for humanity, where the needs of all are met within the limits of the planet
What is the doughnut model?
Double Jeopardy! In 2012, Bhutan felt that this measurement was a much more effective indicator of development than GDP and adopted it as its indicator for development.
What is gross national happiness?
Be sensitive to context, understand the complex interdependencies of multiple systems and scales, and avoid applying predetermined strategies and one-size-fits-all solutions
What do development economists need to do when solving problems?