Water and Nucleic Acids
The monomer of nucleic acids, consisting of a phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base.
What is a nucleotide?
The union of the sperm with the egg resulting in a diploid zygote.
What is fertilization?
These are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA.
What are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine?
Linnaeus developed a naming convention for species.
What is binomial nomenclature?
A type of bond in which electrons are shared between two neighbouring atoms
What is a covalent bond?
The sugar found in DNA but not RNA.
What is deoxyribose?
A cycle where the cyclic changes seen in the ovaries and can be further subdivided into three phases.
What is the ovarian cycle?
Chargaff's rule states that the amount of adenine equals the amount of this base.
What is thymine?
The formation of a new species from the splitting of one pre-existing species into two or more new species
What is speciation?
Large molecules that are made up of smaller building blocks called monomers
What are macromolecules?
These covalent bonds form the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA and RNA.
What are phosphodiester bonds?
An organism with both male and female reproductive organs.
What are hermaphrodites?
The shape of DNA first described by James Watson and Francis Crick.
What is a double helix?
This involves isolating condensed chromosomes taken from actively dividing cells, allows for this comparison
What is karyotyping?
Two molecules join, one molecule loses a hydroxyl group (−OH) and the other loses a hydrogen atom (−H), forming a water molecule and resulting in formation of a new covalent bond
What is a condensation reaction?
The nitrogenous bases adenine and guanine belong to this class of molecules
What are purines?
The physical division of a cell into two daughter cells.
What is cytokinesis?
Two cylindrical organelles that help to establish and organise the microtubules, playing an important role in cell division
What are centrioles?
Comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of DNA and RNA and the amino acid sequences of proteins.
What is molecular phylogeny?
Proteins that have one or more carbohydrates attached to them.
What are glycoproteins?
A double-stranded DNA molecule contains 32% adenine. Determine the percentages of thymine, guanine, and cytosine.
What are 32% thymine, 18% guanine, and 18% cytosine?
A group of enzymes that are activated by cyclins and act to phosphorylate specific proteins to drive the cell cycle forward.
What are cyclin-dependent kinases?
It protects the cell and resists osmotic pressure, maintaining the shape of the cell.
What is a cell wall?
The technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time since two species shared a common ancestor.
What is a molecular clock?
These fats have two or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon chain, causing multiple kinks or bends in the chain
What are polyunsaturated fats?