Show:
Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Enzymes
Misc.
100
Give two examples of monosaccharides.
glucose, galactose, and fructose
100
Lipids are polar or nonpolar?
nonpolar
100
What is the monomer of a protein called?
amino acid
100
What is the effect of high temperature on enzymes?
Denaturation
100
Organic- substance containing C; with the exception of carbonates and oxides Inorganic- all others
Distinguish between organic and inorganic.
200
What type of reaction results in the formation of polysaccharides from many monosaccharides
Condensation reaction
200
Fatty acids tails are composed of what two elements?
carbon and hydrogen
200
When a molecule coils or folds back on itself due to hydrogen bonding, disulfide bridges, hydrophobic interactions, etc, it is an example of ___________ organization.
teritary
200
What type of inhibitor binds to the active site of an enzyme preventing substrates from binding?
competitive inhibitor
200
What is the function of glycogen?
Used by animals for short term energy storage (between meals) in the liver
300
Glucose and ribose are both monosaccharides. What is one difference between the two?
Glucose- 6 carbons, starting molecule in cell respiration ribose- 5 carbons, sugar found in RNA
300
This type of fatty contains at least one double bond within its fatty acid chain
unsaturated fatty acid
300
Name two examples of secondary structure of proteins.
alpha helix and beta pleated sheets
300
Distinguish between the induced fit model and the lock and key model.
Look and key: Enzymes and substrates share specificity (a given enzyme will only interact with a small number of specific substrates that complement the active site) Induced fit: explains how an enzyme may be able to bind to, and catalyse, several different substrates (broad specificity) due to changes in the active site
300
Explain the role of tRNA.
A globular protein that increases the rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy threshold (i.e. a biological catalyst)
400
Give three examples of polysaccharides.
Glycogen, cellulose, starch
400
What are two functions of lipids?
structure, hormones, insulation, energy storage, prevent water loss
400
Name two difference between fibrous and globular proteins and name two examples of each.
Fibrous- long/narrow, insoluble in water, structural function, less sensitive to heat/pH changes; keratin, actin myosin, collagen Globular- rounded, soluble in water, transport/immunity/catalytic functions, more sensitive to heat and pH changes; catalase, hemoglobin, insulin
400
What determines the specificity of an enzyme for its substrate?
The structure and chemical composition of an enzyme
400
Explain the effects of increased substrate concentration on enzyme activity.
Increase substrate concentration, increase in enzyme activity due to increase in the likelihood substrate will bind to the active site; however, plateau at a point because enzyme becomes saturated.
500
Compare the use of carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage
Lipid molecules contain more energy per gram than carbohydrates (about twice as much) Carbohydrates are more readily digested than lipids and release their energy more rapidly
500
Describe the formation of triglycerides.
3 fatty acids and glycerol binds together via condensation reaction.
500
Explain the significance of polar and nonpolar amino acids.
Polar amino acids have hydrophilic R groups, using found on the outside of a protein near water Non-polar amino acids have hydrophobic R groups, using found on the inside of a protein away from water
500
Explain the control of metabolic reactions using end product inhibition?
End-product inhibition is a form of negative feedback in which increased levels of product (which binds to a starting enzyme's allosteric site) decrease the rate of product formation
500
Give an example of non-competitive inhibition.
ACE inhibitors: Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibit angiotensin (enzyme that causes blood vessel constriction resulting in hypertension)